Anatomy Unit 1

Front 1

Anterior

Back 1

Toward the front

Front 2

Posterior

Back 2

Toward the back

Front 3

Inferior

Back 3

Under; underneath

Front 4

Superior

Back 4

Above

Front 5

Cephalic

Back 5

Toward the head

Front 6

Cranial

Back 6

Having to do with the skull

Front 7

Ventral

Back 7

Toward the stomach

Front 8

Caudal

Back 8

toward the tail-end

Front 9

Cubital

Back 9

Around the elbow

Front 10

Distal

Back 10

Farthest from the point of origin or attachment - used in reference to long bones

Front 11

Proximal

Back 11

Nearest ro the point of origin or attachment - used in reference to long bones.

Front 12

Ana

Back 12

Up

Front 13

Tom

Back 13

To cut

Front 14

Anatomy

Back 14

To cut up

Front 15

Metabolism

Back 15

The sum total of all the functions of the body.

Front 16

Homeostasis

Back 16

The steady-state equilibrium existing in the body and the maintenance of this state.

Front 17

Catabolism

Back 17

The breakdown of organic matter into simpler substances

Front 18

Anabolism

Back 18

The buildup or organic matter.

Front 19

Anatomical Position

Back 19

The point of reference for all anatomical directional terms.

Front 20

Dorsal

Back 20

Back

Front 21

Medial

Back 21

Toward the center

Front 22

Lateral

Back 22

To the side

Front 23

Ipsilateral

Back 23

On the same side.

Front 24

Contralateral

Back 24

Opposite side.

Front 25

Superficial

Back 25

Refers to structures or blood vessels.

Front 26

Sagittal Plane

Back 26

A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sides.

Front 27

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Back 27

Divides the body into anterior/posterior sections

Front 28

Transverse Plane

Back 28

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Front 29

Umbilical Region

Back 29

Center of the abdomen

Front 30

Lumbar Region

Back 30

Lateral to the Umbilical

Front 31

Epigastric Region

Back 31

Superior to the Umbilical

Front 32

Hypochondriac Regions

Back 32

Lateral to either side of the epigastrium.
Inferior to the umbilical region.

Front 33

Iliac Regions

Back 33

Lateral to the hypogastrium.

Front 34

Inguinal

Back 34

Relating to the groin area.

Front 35

Serous Membrane

Back 35

A very thin layer of membrane that covers something.

Front 36

Acid

Back 36

A chemical compound that releases hydrogen atoms.

Front 37

Base

Back 37

A chemical compound that attracts hydrogen atoms.

Front 38

Increasing v. Decreasing #'s on the pH scale

Back 38

Increasing = Base- Alkaline
Decreasing = Acid

Front 39

4 Basic tissues that make up the body

Back 39

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Front 40

Epithelial

Back 40

Provides protection. Covers and lines organs.

Front 41

Connective (4 types)

Back 41

Connective proper, bone, blood, cartilage

Front 42

Types of bone cells

Back 42

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

Front 43

Osteoblasts

Back 43

Baby, new bone cells

Front 44

Osteocytes

Back 44

mature bone cell

Front 45

Osteoclasts

Back 45

eat away excess bone (callus)

Front 46

3 types Muscle tissue

Back 46

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Front 47

Nervous tissue's function

Back 47

Its function is simply one of communication

Front 48

# of bones in body

Back 48

206

Front 49

Periosteum

Back 49

Vascular nervous tissue which covers the bone wherever there is no cartilage.

Front 50

Types of bones

Back 50

Long, short, flat, Irregular

Front 51

Name some long bones

Back 51

arms, legs, fingers, toes

Front 52

Name some flat bones

Back 52

skull, sternum, shoulder blades, ribs, pelvic bones

Front 53

Name some short bones

Back 53

wrists and ankles

Front 54

Name some irregular bones

Back 54

vertabrae, sesamoid (knee cap), or bones under the thumb.

Front 55

Structure of a bone

Back 55

Diaphysis- shaft
Epiphyses - ends of the bone

Front 56

Medulary Cavity

Back 56

Hollow part of the bone that marrow is in.

Front 57

Endosteum

Back 57

A thin membrane which lines the medullary cavity.

Front 58

2 kinds of bone

Back 58

compact - dense, hard, in shafts of bones
spongy - @ the ends of long bones.
diploe - spongy bone found in between flat bones

Front 59

Bone diseases

Back 59

Osteomyelitis, Osteoperosis

Front 60

Synovial joint

Back 60

a joint with a capsule around it (knee)

Front 61

Synovium

Back 61

membrane that covers the knee

Front 62

Flexion

Back 62

Reduces the angle between two bones.

Front 63

Extension

Back 63

A joint movement in which the angle between two bones increases

Front 64

Abduction

Back 64

Movement of a limb away from the center of the body.

Front 65

Adduction

Back 65

Movement of a limb toward the center of the body.

Front 66

Rotation

Back 66

Movement of a body part on its axis.

Front 67

Medial

Back 67

Towards the middle (does not imply movement)

Front 68

Pronation

Back 68

Rotation so the palm is turned backward

Front 69

Supination

Back 69

Rotation so the palm is in the anatomical position

Front 70

Elevation

Back 70

Raising a body part

Front 71

Depression

Back 71

lowering a body part

Front 72

Retraction

Back 72

Moving a body part backward

Front 73

Protraction

Back 73

Moving a body part forward

Front 74

Eversion

Back 74

Turning the foot so the sole is outward

Front 75

Inversion

Back 75

Turning the foot so the sole is inward

Front 76

Dorsiflexion

Back 76

flexing the foot

Front 77

Plantar flexion

Back 77

pointing the foot - moving it away from the shin