Anatomy Tissues

Front 1

Define tissue

Back 1

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

Front 2

Define epithelial tissue

Back 2

Lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body

Front 3

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Back 3

Protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion

Front 4

Characteristics of epithelium

Back 4

1. Cells fit closely together.
2. Apical surface - outside, exposed surface
3. Basement membrane - lower surface rests on this structureless material
4. Avascular - no blood supply, depends on diffusion of capillaries below
5. Regenerates easily

Front 5

Classifications of epithelium

Back 5

1. Simple squamous
2. Simple cuboidal
3. Simple columnar
4. Pseudostratified columnar
5. Stratified squamous
6. Stratified cuboidal and columnar
7. Transitional

Front 6

Simple squamous epithelium is used for _.

Back 6

Filtration or exchange of substances by rapid diffusion

Front 7

Which tissue is a serous membrane and what does it mean?

Back 7

Simpe squamous
It lines ventral body cavity and its organs

Front 8

Where is simple cuboidal common?

Back 8

In glands and ducts

Front 9

Where is simple cuboidal found?

Back 9

Forms walls of kidney and surface of ovaries

Front 10

The simple columnar lines __.

Back 10

Entire length of digestive tract from stomach to anus

Front 11

Simple columnar contains _.

Back 11

Goblet cells which secret mucus

Front 12

Define mucosae

Back 12

Epithelial cells lining cavities open to body exterior

Front 13

Define pseudostratified columnar

Back 13

Some cells are shorter than others giving false stratified look

Front 14

Where is stratified squamous found?

Back 14

Areas of friction (esophagus, mouth, outer skin)

Front 15

Stratified cuboidal and columnar is _.

Back 15

Rare in body, found only in large glands

Front 16

Characteristics of transitional epithelium tissue

Back 16

1. Modified stratified squamous found in urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra
2. Cells can slide around and change shape to stretch for urine volume.

Front 17

Secretion is _.

Back 17

Product of gland

Front 18

Edocrine glands are _.

Back 18

Ductless ex. Throid, adrenals, and pituitary

Front 19

Exocrine glands _.

Back 19

Have ducts, ex. sweat and oil, liver, and pancreas

Front 20

What does connective tissue do?

Back 20

Connects, protects, and supports body parts

Front 21

What is the most abundant tissue?

Back 21

Connective

Front 22

Characteristics of connective tissue

Back 22

1. Most have great blood supply, however, tendons and ligaments have poor supply and carilage is avascular.
2. It is made up of extracellular matrix

Front 23

Characteristics of the extracelular matrix

Back 23

1. Nonliving substance produced by cells in connective tissue
2. For example, fat tissue = soft matrix, and bone tissue = hard matrix

Front 24

Types of Connective tissue

Back 24

1. Bone (osseous)
2. Hyaline cartilage
3. Fibrocartilage
4. Elastic cartilage
5. Dense fibrous tissue
6. Areolar tissue
7. Adipose tissue (fat)
8. Reticular connective tissue
9. Blood

Front 25

Characteristics of bone

Back 25

1. Lacunae - cavities holding bone cells
2. Surrounded by hard matrix containing calcium salts
3. Provides protection and support for organs

Front 26

What is the most common cartilage?

Back 26

Hyaline

Front 27

Characteristics of hyaline cartilage

Back 27

1. Smooth, rubbery, and somewhat hard
2. Support voice box (larynx), attaches ribs to breastbone, and covers ends of bones at joints

Front 28

Define fibrocartilage

Back 28

disks between vertebrae

Front 29

What is elastic cartilage for?

Back 29

Supports outer ear

Front 30

What are types of dense fibrous tissues?

Back 30

Tendons - attach muscles to bones
Ligaments - connect bones to bones

Front 31

Characteristics of areolar tissue

Back 31

1. Cushions and protects body organs
2. Holds organs in proper position
3. Loose and fluid nature provides water and nutrients for surrounding cells

Front 32

Edema

Back 32

Swelling of tissue caused by its ability to soak up excess fluids

Front 33

Adipose tissue

Back 33

Insulates body and protects some organs (kidney and eyeball)

Front 34

Reticular connective tissue

Back 34

Supports blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

Front 35

Blood

Back 35

Considered connective because blood cells are surrounded by fluid matrix

Front 36

Fluid matrix that surrounds blood cells

Back 36

plasma

Front 37

Neuron

Back 37

Nerve cell

Front 38

Functions of nervous tissue

Back 38

1. Irritability and conductivity
2. Supporting cells protect, support, and insulate neurons

Front 39

Types of muscle tissues

Back 39

1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth muscle (visceral)

Front 40

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

Back 40

1. Attached to skeleton
2. Can be controlled voluntarily to move bones or skin
3. Striations - stripes on skeletal muscle

Front 41

Characteristics of cardiac muscle

Back 41

1. Found in heart
2. Intercalated disks - junctions where cells fit tightly together
3. Involuntary contrl

Front 42

Characteristics of smooth muscle

Back 42

1. Found in hollow organs like stomach and blood vessels
2. Constricts and dilates organ to move substances ex. Peristalsis - moves food through intestines
3. Involuntary

Front 43

Regeneration

Back 43

Replacement of destroyed tissue

Front 44

Fibrosis

Back 44

Repair by fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

Front 45

Granulation tissue

Back 45

Pink tissue composed mostly of capillaries growing into damanged area

Front 46

Connective itssue is ___.

Back 46

Mitotic (repairs itself) throughout life.

Front 47

Muscle tissue becomes ___ after puberty.

Back 47

Amitotic

Front 48

Nervous tissue becomes ___ shortly after birth.

Back 48

Amitotic

Front 49

Cause of aging is unknown, but _ and _ as well as _ are suggested.

Back 49

physical and chemical insults, as well as genetic programming

Front 50

Neoplasms

Back 50

Abnormal masses of proliferating cells.

Front 51

Neoplasms may be _ or _.

Back 51

Benign or malignant

Front 52

Atrophy

Back 52

Decrease in size when tissue is not stimulated

Front 53

Hypertrophy

Back 53

An increase in tissue size

Front 54

Hyperplasia (more cells created)

Back 54

in an increase in size when tissue is stimulated strongly or irritated