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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What can be found at the level of the sternal angle (angle of Louis)?
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bifurcation of the trachea, aortic arch begins and ends there, and the superior mediastinum
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What area of the right atrium do the pectinate muscles cover?
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the anterior wall
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What is the main atrial supply of the pericardium?
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internal thoracic
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what drains the pericardium?
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percardiophrenic veins and tributaries of the azygos
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what is the sensory supply of the pericardium?
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phrenic nerve
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where is pain felt when sensed by the phrenic nerve?
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on the top of the shoulder on the same side
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what structure separates the anterior and posterior walls of the right atrium?
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crista terminalis, which is also the function between the fetal sinus venosus and fetal right atrium
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At what intercostal space is the apex of the heart located?
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5th intercostal space... this is where once can observe or palpate the beating of the heart
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at what vertebral levels do you find the posterior of the heart?
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T6-T9
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what are the 3 borders of the heart?
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anterior: right ventricle
diaphragmatic: mostly left ventricle and partly the right Pulmonary: left ventricle |
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where is percussion of the heart done?
What does this do? |
3, 4 and 5 intercostal spaces from left anterior axillary line to the right
it defines the size and density of the heart |
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which embryologic origin does the coronary sinus arise from?
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venous sinus
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Which embryologic origin does the smooth wall of the right atrium arise from?
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venous sinus
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At which costal cartilage level do you find the opening of the following?
1. opening of the SVC 2. opening of the IVC |
1. opening of the SVC: 3rd costal cartilage
2. opening of the IVC: 5th costal cartilage |
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What can a LARGE atrial septal defect (failure to close) cause?
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enlargement of the right atrium and ventricle as well as the dialation of the pulmonary trunk
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where would one listen to the right tricuspid?
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4-5 intercostal space
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What is the function of the fibrous ring around the AV oriffice?
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resists dialation, which could cause blood to be forced through the valve
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what role do the chordae tendenae and the papillary muscles play?
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prevent prolapse of the AV valve during systole, and thus prevent regurgitation
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When does the atria begin to contract, before or after the ventricles?
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before, which draws the cusps together and
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what is the general role of the moderator band?
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conduction of the heart
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where is percussion of the heart done?
What does this do? |
3, 4 and 5 intercostal spaces from left anterior axillary line to the right
it defines the size and density of the heart |
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which embryologic origin does the coronary sinus arise from?
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venous sinus
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Which embryologic origin does the smooth wall of the right atrium arise from?
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venous sinus
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At which costal cartilage level do you find the opening of the following?
1. opening of the SVC 2. opening of the IVC |
1. opening of the SVC: 3rd costal cartilage
2. opening of the IVC: 5th costal cartilage |
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What can a LARGE atrial septal defect (failure to close) cause?
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enlargement of the right atrium and ventricle as well as the dialation of the pulmonary trunk
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where would one listen to the right tricuspid?
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4-5 intercostal space
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What is the function of the fibrous ring around the AV oriffice?
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resists dialation, which could cause blood to be forced through the valve
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what role do the chordae tendenae and the papillary muscles play?
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prevent prolapse of the AV valve during systole, and thus prevent regurgitation
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When does the atria begin to contract, before or after the ventricles?
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before, which draws the cusps together and
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what is the general role of the moderator band?
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conduction of the heart
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At which costal cartilage level do you find the pulmonary valve?
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3rd
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what is the benefit of have pulmonary and arortic sinuses on the valve?
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blood sits in them and prevents the cusps from sticking and failing to close
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What can a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) cause?
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pulmonary disease and high blood pressure
VSDs count for 25% of congenital heart disease |
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What are the two types of pulmonary stenosus?
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Pulmonary vavle stenosis: narrowing of the pulmonary valve
Infundibular pulmonary stenosis: underdeveloped conus arteriosis Both restrict right ventricle flow |
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Which has a thicker wall, right or left atrium?
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left
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What forms the smoothed wall portion of the left atrium?
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absorption of parts of teh embryologic pulmonary veins
the rough walled area is from the primordial left atrium |
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What is a THROMBI?
Where do THROMBI form? What can this lead to? |
1. Immobile clots
2. On the walls of the left atrium 3. they can occlude peripheral ateries --> can lead ischemia --> infaction --> to strokes (CVA) |
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Where are trebeculae carnae more available, in the right or left ventricle?
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left
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At what intercostal level do you find the mitral valve?
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4th
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At what intercostal level do you find the aortic valve?
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3rd
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what is the functional value of the anastomosis of small branches of coronary arteries?
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slows progression of coronary artery disease
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What is artherosclerosis?
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hardening of the arteries, characterized by lipid deposits in the medium and large sized arteries --> causing narrowing of the arteries
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What is angina pectoris?
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pain in the substernal region and down th medial side ofthe left arm and forearm - caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries
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What is the sinuatrial node?
Where is it located? |
pacemaker of the heart
in the right atrium - proximal to the SVC |
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Where is the AV node located?
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posterior inferior region of the interatrial septum... near the opening of the coronary sinus
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Put these in the correct order: AV node, AV bundle, SA node, perkinje fibers, Right and Left bundle branches
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SA node > AV node > AV bundle > R/L bundle branches > perkinje fibers
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what is the average HR given off by the SA node (intrinsic HR)?
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70 bpm (pacemaker)
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Which branch of the ANS speed up and slows down the HR?
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Sympathetic --> speeds up
Parasympathetic --> slows down |