Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are cervical ribs? And what can it cause?
|
-are only present in 1% of population
-they can stretch or compress the inferior trunk of brachial plexus or subclavian artery/vein and cause ==THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME== |
|
|
What do thoracic vertebrae have so it can articulate with ribs?
|
2 demifacets on each side of vertebral body to articulate with the heads of ribs
transverse costal facets on transverse processes for articulation with tubercles of ribs |
|
|
What are the atypical thoracic vertebrae?
|
T1: has complete superior costal facet (head of rib 1 only articulates with T1)
T10-12: single complete costal facet (articulate with one rib) T11, T12: lack transverse costal facets (ribs 11, 12 do not articulate with transverse processes) |
|
|
Costochondral joints
|
bodies of ribs articulate with costal cartilages at fibrocartilaginous joints
|
|
|
Sternocostal joints
|
7 true ribs articulate with sternum
-joint at rib 1 is fibrocartilaginous joint (synchondrosis of first rib) -rib 2-7 are synovial joints |
|
|
Interchondral joints
|
ribs 7-10 articulate with cartilage above at synovial joints
(false ribs because they are fused with cartilage, not to sternum) |
|
|
Costochondritis
|
-inflammation of the costochondral or sternocostal joints
-causes localized pain and tenderness -pt. may mistake pain as a heart attack (can rule it out by pushing on it..if that makes it worse, you know it isn't heart attack) |
|
|
Intercostal space is numbered according to what?
|
to the superior rib bordering the space
-has 3 layers of muscle, and the intercostal nerves and blood vessels are located near costal groove--nerve not in groove) |
|
|
External intercostal
|
"forward and down" points to your "x-rated parts)
-from costochondral junciton to sternum, muscle replaced by external intercostal membrane |
|
|
Internal intercostal
|
"backwards and down"
-posterior and medial to angles of ribs, muscles replaced by internal intercostal membrane |
|
|
What are the contents of the intercostal space?
|
Posterior intercostal Vein
posterior intercostal Artery intercostal Nerve Forms VAN: V is superior |
|
|
Herpes Zoster infection (shingles)
|
intercostal nerve may be involved with painful shingles with red vesicles in the dermatome supplied by the involved nerve
|
|
|
What are the 3 areas where blood supply to the thoracic wall comes from?
|
-thoracic aorta (via post. intercostal and subcostal arteries)
-subclavian artery, (via internal thoracic and supreme intercostal arteries) -axillary artery (via superior and lateral thoracic arteries) |
|
|
internal thoracic arteries arise from what artery? Where do they terminate at and what do they divide into?
|
-arise from subclavian arteries
-go down internal surface of thorax -terminate in 6th intercostal space -divides into the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries |
|
|
Female breasts
-where? -what nipples contain? |
-pect major
-overlies ribs 2-6 from sternum to midaxillary line -nipple contains openings of 15-20 lactiferous ducts |
|
|
What is the lymphatic system?
|
-secondary "circulatory" system
-extensive network of vessels -lymph nodes act like filters -drains back into the venous system |
|
|
What percent of lymph from breast drains into the axillary lymph nodes?
|
60-75%
|
|
|
Breast cancer: risk factors?
|
ranks 2nd in cancer deaths among women (lung is 1)
↑ Age Familial Hx Long menstrual Hx Early menarche Late menopause Nulliparity or late parturition (30+) Obesity Oral contraceptives /estrogen therapy Alcohol use/abuse |
|
|
What are the clinical signs of breast cancer?
|
Dimpling of skin
Retraction of nipple Peau D’orange sign Lump Fixed, amorphous, firm Tenderness is rare, especially early on Mammography can detect much earlier than physical exam CHANGE is Key |
|
|
Gynecomastia
|
breast enlargement may occur in males due to:
-medication -certain types of tumors -hormonal changes with age Klinefelter syndrome: XXY trisomy |
