Anatomy: The Thigh And Gluteal Region

Front 1

What muscles arise from Anterior Superior Iliac Spine?

Back 1

Tensor Fascia Latae

Sartorius

Front 2

What muscle arise from Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine?

Back 2

Rectus Femoris

Front 3

Quadriceps Femoris

Back 3

Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medius
Vastis Intermedius
Rector femoris

-->flex the thigh and extend the knee

-->part of the Anterior compartment
-->ORGIN: vastus from the femur, restus from the AIIS
-->INSERTION: by common tendon onto the tibial tuberosity
-->INNERVATION: femoral nerve

Front 4

Actions of the QUADRICEPS FEMORIS:

Back 4

Vastus Group: extend the knee

Rectus femoris: extend the knee and flex the thigh

Front 5

Anterior Group of the Thigh

Back 5

Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Iliiopsoas

-->innervated by the FEMORAL NERVE
-->Psoas major innervated by the ventral primary rami of lumbar nerves

Front 6

Sartorius

Back 6

ORGIN: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
INNERVATION: femoral nerve

-->longest muscle in body

ACTION: flexes the hip and knee

Front 7

Iliopsoas

Back 7

-->composed of Psoas Major and the Iliacus

PSOAS MAJOR: origin from lumbar vert.; insertion at the lesser trochanter of femur

Iliacus: orgin from iliac fossa and insertion on the lesser trochanter

MOST POWERFUL FLEXOR OF THE THIGH

Front 8

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 8

ORGIN: ASIS
INSERTION: iliotibial tract
INNERVATION: Superior Gluteal Nerves

ACTION: abduct and flex the thigh

Front 9

Superior Gluteal Nerves

Back 9

Innervate: Gluteus Maximus and Tensor Latae

-->found arising from the Greater Sciatic Foramen ABOVE the Piriformis muscle

Front 10

Adductor Compartment of the Thigh

Back 10

adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
pectineus
gracilis

-->enclosed by the FASCIA LATA, and unnamed compartment, and the MEDIAL INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM

-->innervated by the OBTERATOR N. except for
-->PECTINEUS (femoral n.)
-->part of ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (tibial n.)

Front 11

Pectineus

Back 11

-->INNERVATION: femoral n. and sometimes the obturator n.
-->ACTION: adduct the thigh

-->arises from the superior pubic ramus

Front 12

Gracilis

Back 12

INNERVATION: obturator n.

ACTION: adduct thigh, flex knee

INSERTS: on the PES ANSERINUS

Front 13

Pes Anserinus

Back 13

common tendon of the :

Gracilis
Sartorius
Semitendinosus

Insertion onto the medial tibia

Front 14

Adductor magnus

Back 14

-->has both a hamstring and an adductor component

HAMSTRING COMPONENT: arises from the ischial tuberosity; innervated by the tibial n.

Front 15

Obturator Internus Action

Back 15

lateral rotator of the hip

Front 16

Hamstring compartment

Back 16

Semitendinosus
Semimembranous
Biceps Femoris
Adductor magnus (portion)

-->innervation via TIBIAL N.
-->enclosed by the FASCIA LATA, unnamed compartment, and the LATERAL INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM

-->MAIN ACTION: flex knee and extend the thigh

Front 17

Biceps femoris

Back 17

-->arises from the femur and lateral intermuscular septum

-->innervated by the COMMON FIBRILAR N. which is a branch of the sciatic n.

Front 18

Common FIbrilar Nerve

Back 18

-->branch of the Sciatic N.

-->innervates the Biceps Femoris

Front 19

Femoral Triangle

Back 19

-->inguinal
-->medial border of the Sartorius
-->lateral border of the Adductor Longus

ROOF: skin, tela subcutanea, fascia lata

FLOOR: iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus

Front 20

Femoral Sheath

Back 20

Femoral artery, vein and sheath
Lymph nodes

-->continuous with the TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA (anteriorly) and the ILIAC FASCIA (posteriorly)

Does NOT contain Femoral Nerve

Front 21

Femoral Canal

Back 21

-->most medial compartment within the femoral sheath

-->extends distally to the SAPHENOUS HIATUS

--> allows for expansion of the femoral vein at times of increased venous return

Front 22

Femoral Ring

Back 22

-->abdominal opening of the femoral canal

LATERAL: femoral vein
ANTERIOR: inguinal ligament
MEDIAL: lacunar ligament
POSTERIOR: pubis covered by pectineal ligament and pectineus muscle

Front 23

Femoral Hernia

Back 23

protrusion of the abdominal contents through the femoral ring

may herniate through the saphenous ring into the tela subQ.

Front 24

Adductor Canal

Back 24

(Hunter's Canal)

tunnel deep to the middle 1/3 of the SARTORIUS muscle

begins where the sartorius crosses the adductor longus

ends at the adductor hiatus in the tendon of the adductor magnus

CONTENTS: femoral artery/vein, saphenous vein, saphenour nerve, n. to vastus medialis

Front 25

Femoral Artery

Back 25

BEGINS: inguinal ligament where exits femoral canal--->from EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY

ENDS: as the POPLITEAL via adductor hiatus

BRANCHES:
Descending Genicular A.
Profunda Femoris A.

Front 26

Profunda Femoris A.

Back 26

--> branch of the Femoral A. close to the exit of the femoral a. through the inguinal canal

-->gives off:
1. Medial Femoral Circumflex A.: supplies head and neck of femur
2. Lateral Femoral Circumflex A.

Front 27

Cruciate Anastomosis

Back 27

-->in posterior aspect of the thigh

-->involves following:
Inferior Gluteal A.
Medial and Lateral Femoral Circumflex A.
First Perforating Branch of Profunda Femoris A.

-->collateral route of circulation should femoral a. be occluded

Front 28

Femoral Nerve

Back 28

--> L2-L4

--> derived from the dorsal part of the plexus
-->goes to the anterior compartment of the leg and medial aspect of the leg

INJURY = WEAKNESS/LOSS OF SENSATION AT THE KNEE

Front 29

Obturator Nerve

Back 29

---> L2-L4

--> derived from the VENTRAL part of plexus
-->supplies the ventral muscles (adductor) of thigh
--> supplies the hip and knee joint

HIP PAIN REFERRED TO KNEE

Front 30

Sciatic Nerve

Back 30

1. Common Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)
---->derived from the ventral part of the sacral plexus

2. Common Fibular Nerve (L4-S2)
----->derived from the dorsal part of the sacral plexus and to the dorsal musculature (short head of biceps)

Front 31

Tibial Nerve

Back 31

---> L4-S3

-->derived from the VENTRAL part of the sacral plexus
-->distributed to the original ventral musculature (Hamstring)

Front 32

Common Fibular Nerve (Peroneal N.)

Back 32

----->L4-S2

---> derived from the dorsal part of the sacral plexus
-->distributed to the original dorsal musculature (short head of biceps)

Front 33

Action of the Vastus Group:

Back 33

to extend the knee

Front 34

Action of the rectus femoris

Back 34

flex the hip
extend the knee

Front 35

Gracilis Action

Back 35

--->flex knee
--->adduct thigh

Front 36

Adductor Magnus Action

Back 36

extend the thigh

Front 37

Pectineus Action

Back 37

-->flex thigh
-->adduct thigh

Front 38

Sartorius Action

Back 38

-->flex knee
-->flex hip

Front 39

Iliopsoas Action

Back 39

-->STRONGEST hip flexor

Front 40

Tensor Latae Action

Back 40

-->abduct thigh
-->flexes thigh
-->keeps knee extended

Front 41

Obterator Externus Action

Back 41

-->lateral rotator of the hip

Front 42

Biceps Femoris Action

Back 42

-->extend the thigh
-->flex knee

Front 43

Piriformis

Back 43

ORIGIN: anterior aspect of sacrum
INSERTION: the greater trochanter
-->passese trough the greater sciatic foramen

ACTION:
--> lateral rotator of thigh
-->abduct the hip (if flexed)

Front 44

Above the PIRIFORMIS

Back 44

Superior gluteal nerves

Superior gluteal vessels

Front 45

Below the PIRIFORMIS

Back 45

Inferior gluteal nerves and vesels

Sciatic Nerve

Posterior cutaneous femoral nerve

Nerve to Obterator internus

Pudendal Nerve
Internal pudendal vessels