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81 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Golden Sentence:
All mimetic muscles innervated by

Facial
nerve (cranial nerve CNVII) .

Muscles of Mastication?
Masseter, temporalis,
Lateral and medial pterygoid
Golden Sentence:
Muscles of Mastication Innervation?
***All Innervated by Mandibular nerve (CNV/3).
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid,
Sternothyroid and Thyrohyoid
Golden Sentence:
infrahyoid muscles are innervated by?
cervical ansa (C1-C3)
Golden Sentence:
All laryngeal muscles are innervated by ?
Recurrent laryngeal n (branch of CN-X)
Contents:
foramen cecum
nasal emissary v.

Contents:
cribiform foramina

CN-1 - Olfactory n.


anterior ethmoidal a.

Contents:
ant. + post. ethmoidal foramina

vessels and n. of same name

Contents:
hypophyseal fossa


(sella turcica)

pituitary gland

Contents:
optic canal

CN-2 (optic n.)
opthalmic a.

Contents:
superior orbital fissure

opthalmic v.


lacrimal n.


frontal n.
CN-3 (occulomotor)
CN-4 (trochlear)
CNV/1 (opthalmic n.)
CN-6 (abducens n.)

Contents:
foramen rotundum

CNV/2 (maxillary n)

Contents:
foramen ovale

CNV/3 (mandibular n)
accessory meningeal a.


venous plexus

Contents:
foramen spinosum

middle meningeal a. v.
meningeal branch of CNV/3 (mandibular n)

Contents:
foramen lacerum

Small vessels but mainly nothing goes through it
the internal carotid a. goes OVER the cartilage that covers it

Contents:
internal auditory (acoustic) meatus

labrynthe a. & v.


CN-7 (facial n)
CN-8 (vestibulocochlear n)

Contents:
foramen magnum

medulla (brain stem)
meninges
vertebral a.


anterior spinal a.
CN-11 (accessory n)
posterior spinal a.

Contents:
jugular foramen

CN-9 (glossopharyngeal n)
CN-10 (vagus n)
CN-11 (accessory n)
internal jugular v.

Contents:
hypoglossal canal
CN-12 (hypoglossal n)

Contents:
stylomastoid foramen

CN-7 (facial n)


stylomastoid a.

Contents:
mandibular foramen

transmits inf. alveolar n. to mental foramen

Contents:
mental foramen

enters as inferior alveolar

exits as mental n

Cranial nerves mnemonic ?

Oh
Oh
Oh
To
Touch
And
Feel
Virgin
Girls
Vaginas
And
Hymen
CN-I
olfactory
CN-II
optic
CN-III
occulomotor
CN-IV
trochlear
CN-V
trigeminal
CN-VI
abducens
CN-VII
facial
CN-VIII
vestibulocochlear
CN-IX
glossopharyngeal
CN-X
vagus

CN-XI

Accessory
CN-XII

hypoglosseal

Trigeminal branches?
1.opthalmic n = CNV/1
2. maxillary n = CNV/2
3. mandibular = CNV/3
Fontanels?
Major ones?
the unossified remnants of the membranes in newborns.

Major fontanels are: anterior (ossified within 18-36 months), posterior, mastoid and sphenoid which are ossified within 6 month or more
__________ can get infected because of high amount of spngy bone; middle ear infection; seen on xray
Mastoid of temporal bone
drainage blocked; pain on palpation of zygomatics and nasum area
Sinusitis

Distance between clinoid processes clinical significance?

tumor or swelling can expand the space
Cavernous sinus?
Blood of sinuses come together and form int jug vein
carotid body? innervation?
detects changes in CO2 (and O2)

innervated by herings nerve (branch of CN9)
Facial vein anastomoses via Angular vein with dorsal nasal vein.
This anastomoses is extremely important because?
This anastomoses is extremely important since this allows a direct connection to Cavernous sinus, through which, infections eg: from a furuncle on the lip, may get into skull
Facial vein anastomoses via ________ With _______. Allows direction connection with ______
Facial vein anastomoses via Angular vein With dorsal nasal vein. allows a direct connection to Cavernous sinus
Tic Douloureux
Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia
disorder of unknown etiology (cause) associated with intractable pain along the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve but especially along maxillary and mandibular
nerves. A simple trigger such as touch, cold or hot can start the pain.

Injury to ______ nerve leads to
paralysis of ________ (skin falls
away from the neck by folds)

facial nerve
platysma

Bell's Palsy?

Facial n paralysis
unilatral loss of muscle tone to the face (facial droop)

effect of botulinum toxin?

paralysis - used to treat wrinkles

Mandibular nerve block - which one blocks more?

extraoral approach blocks more than intraoral approach
coniotomy?
aka cricothyrotomy - used in emergencies
puncture thyroid cartiledge to ventilate patient
tracheotomy?
upper tracheotomy?
lower tracheotomy?
done lower on the neck than coniotomy - above the sternal notch

upper = betweem 1st and 2nd tracheal ring
lower = between 2nd and 3rd or 3rd and 4th ring

Structures important not to injure during tracheostomy?

-ima thyroid a
-Inf. Thyroid a.
-Left brachiocephalic v.
-In children the thymus is present
-Lymph node @ root of neck = sentinel lymph node (indicative of intra abd or intrathoracic CA)
Phrenic nerve origin and location relative to scalene gap?

C3-C5 - injury here results in loss of ability to breathe

Does NOT pass THROUGH scalene gap; passes over the anterior scalene muscle

Trapezius M innervation?
Innervation:
spinal root of Accessory nerve (CNXI) = motor
and C3-C4 (propioception) = sensory

Fnx & Innervation:
Sternocleidomastoid M

Function: unilateral contraction turns the head
to opposite side and bends it ipsilaterally.
Bilateral contraction: lifts the head.
Also functions in respiration.

Innervation: CN-XI, C2-C3
Congenital Torticollis
Fibromatosis (fibrous tissue tumor) of Sternocleidomastoid M.
Head turns to the side and face away from the affected side.
Leads to stifness of the neck due to fibrosis and shortening of the sternocleidomastoid.
Injury during delivery may also result in Torticollis (muscle tear and hematoma leads to fibrosis)
Therapy: division of the muscle below XI nerve or from its distal attachment.
SpasmodicTorticollis? aka?
aka Wry Neck
Cranial dystonia (abnormal tonicity)
Between 20-60 years of age. Unknown cause.
May involve bilateral neck muscles especially the Sternocleidomastoid M.
Unilateral deviation of the head. (turning, tilting, flexion or extension of the neck) May involve other muscles in the body.
Therapy: myotomy or also section of the spinal
Accessory N. and upper cervical ant. roots
Fxn & Innervation:
Digastric M
Function: Raising hyoid and stabilizing it in speaking and swallowing, depressing the mandible.
Innervation:
Ant. Belly: V/3, trigeminal N.
post. belly: VII, facial nerve
Branchial Arteries?
embryonic arteries aka arches that have an associated nerve
Branchial Arches and associated nerves?
-Arch 1 = CN-V -> nerve to branchial arch 1 = ant. Belly = also mastication muscles
-Arch 2 = CN-VII -> nerve to branchial arch 2 = post. Belly = also facial muscles
-Arch 3 = CN IX
-Arch 4 and 6 = CN-X
-Arch 5 in humans doesn’t fully develop
2 branches of laryngeal n?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Inferior laryngeal nerve aka recurrent laryngeal n.
innervation Geniohyoid M
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
_________ is the only muscle innervated by CN 9 in the pharynx
Stylopharyngeus muscle
What is in the scalene gap?
brachial plexus and subclavian artery

phrenic nerve location relative to scalene gap?

Over anterior scalene muscle but not THROUGH gap

Scalene muscles are innervated by?
Brachial plexus
"care free" zone?
Occipital T.

careful zone?

Omoclavicular T. - careful
Thyroid secretes ______ via C cells aka ______ cells. Causes?
secretes calcitonin via clear/parafollicular cells

causes increased bone formation and decreased serum Ca++
_______ is secreted as T3 and T4 via _____ cells. Regulates?
thyroxin is secreted as T3/T4 via follicular cells

regulates metabolism

PTH function

decreases bone foremation and increases serum Ca++

__________ Innervates most of laryngeal muscles

Recurrent laryngeal n (branch of CN-X) Innervates most of laryngeal muscles
Only laryngeal muscle NOT innervated by reccurent laryngeal n? innervation?
Superior laryngeal nerve has external branch that innervates cricothyroid muscle
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
digastric m
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
Contents:
incisive foramen/incisive canals

nasopalatine nerve

Contents:
inferior orbital fissure
maxillary n
zygomatic n
infraorbital vessels
opthalmic vein
Contents:
Infraorbital foramen
n. v. a. same name
Contents:
mastoid foramen
emissary veins
mastoid branch of occipital a

Contents:
nasolacrimal

nasolacrimal duct