Anatomy Test Two Chapter 8 Head & Neck

Front 1

Golden Sentence:
All mimetic muscles innervated by

Back 1

Facial
nerve (cranial nerve CNVII) .

Front 2

Muscles of Mastication?

Back 2

Masseter, temporalis,
Lateral and medial pterygoid

Front 3

Golden Sentence:
Muscles of Mastication Innervation?

Back 3

***All Innervated by Mandibular nerve (CNV/3).

Front 4

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Back 4

Omohyoid, Sternohyoid,
Sternothyroid and Thyrohyoid

Front 5

Golden Sentence:
infrahyoid muscles are innervated by?

Back 5

cervical ansa (C1-C3)

Front 6

Golden Sentence:
All laryngeal muscles are innervated by ?

Back 6

Recurrent laryngeal n (branch of CN-X)

Front 7

Contents:
foramen cecum

Back 7

nasal emissary v.

Front 8

Contents:
cribiform foramina

Back 8

CN-1 - Olfactory n.

Front 9

Contents:
ant. + post. ethmoidal foramina

Back 9

vessels and n. of same name

Front 10

Contents:
hypophyseal fossa

Back 10

pituitary gland

Front 11

Contents:
optic canal

Back 11

CN-2 (optic n.)
opthalmic a.

Front 12

Contents:
superior orbital fissure

Back 12

opthalmic v.
CN-3 (occulomotor)
CN-4 (trochlear)
CNV/1 (opthalmic n.)
CN-6 (abducens n.)

Front 13

Contents:
foramen rotundum

Back 13

CNV/2 (maxillary n)

Front 14

Contents:
foramen ovale

Back 14

CNV/3 (mandibular n)
accessory meningeal a.

Front 15

Contents:
foramen spinosum

Back 15

middle meningeal a. v.
meningeal branch
CNV/3 (mandibular n)

Front 16

Contents:
foramen lacerum

Back 16

Small vessels but mainly nothing goes through it
the internal carotid a. goes OVER the cartilage that covers it

Front 17

Contents:
internal auditory meatus

Back 17

CN-7 (facial n)
CN-8 (vestibulocochlear n)

Front 18

Contents:
foramen magnum

Back 18

medulla (brain stem)
meninges
vertebral a.
CN-11 (accessory n)
spinal a.
dural v.

Front 19

Contents:
jugular foramen

Back 19

CN-9 (glossopharyngeal n)
CN-10 (vagus n)
CN-11 (accessory n)
internal jugular v.

Front 20

Contents:
hypoglossal canal

Back 20

CN-12 (hypoglossal n)

Front 21

Contents:
stylomastoid foramen

Back 21

CN-7 (facial n)

Front 22

Contents:
mandibular foramen

Back 22

transmits inf. alveolar n. to mental foramen

Front 23

Contents:
mental foramen

Back 23

enters as inferior alveolar

exits as mental n

Front 24

Cranial nerves mnemonic ?

Back 24

Oh
Oh
Oh
To
Touch
And
Feel
Virgin
Girls
Vaginas
And
Hymen

Front 25

CN-I

Back 25

olfactory

Front 26

CN-II

Back 26

optic

Front 27

CN-III

Back 27

occulomotor

Front 28

CN-IV

Back 28

trochlear

Front 29

CN-V

Back 29

trigeminal

Front 30

CN-VI

Back 30

abducens

Front 31

CN-VII

Back 31

facial

Front 32

CN-VIII

Back 32

vestibulocochlear

Front 33

CN-IX

Back 33

glossopharyngeal

Front 34

CN-X

Back 34

vagus

Front 35

CN-XI

Back 35

Accessory

Front 36

CN-XII

Back 36

hypoglosseal

Front 37

Trigeminal branches?

Back 37

1.opthalmic n = CNV/1
2. maxillary n = CNV/2
3. mandibular = CNV/3

Front 38

Fontanels?
Major ones?

Back 38

the unossified remnants of the membranes in newborns.

Major fontanels are: anterior (ossified within 18-36 months), posterior, mastoid and sphenoid which are ossified within 6 month or more

Front 39

__________ can get infected because of high amount of spngy bone; middle ear infection; seen on xray

Back 39

Mastoid of temporal bone

Front 40

drainage blocked; pain on palpation of zygomatics and nasum area

Back 40

Sinusitis

Front 41

Distance between clenoid processes clinical significance?

Back 41

tumor or swelling can expand the space

Front 42

Cavernous sinus?

Back 42

Blood of sinuses come together and form int jug vein

Front 43

carotid body? innervation?

Back 43

detects changes in CO2 (and O2)

innervated by herings nerve (branch of CN9)

Front 44

Facial vein anastomoses via Angular vein with dorsal nasal vein.
This anastomoses is extremely important because?

Back 44

This anastomoses is extremely important since this allows a direct connection to Cavernous sinus, through which, infections eg: from a furuncle on the lip, may get into skull

Front 45

Facial vein anastomoses via ________ With _______. Allows direction connection with ______

Back 45

Facial vein anastomoses via Angular vein With dorsal nasal vein. allows a direct connection to Cavernous sinus

Front 46

Tic Douloureux

Back 46

Trigeminal neuralgia

Front 47

Trigeminal neuralgia

Back 47

disorder of unknown etiology (cause) associated with intractable pain along the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve but especially along maxillary and mandibular
nerves. A simple trigger such as touch, cold or hot can start the pain.

Front 48

Injury to ______ nerve leads to
paralysis of ________ (skin falls
away from the neck by folds)

Back 48

facial nerve
platysma

Front 49

Bell's Palsy?

Back 49

Facial n paralysis
unilatral loss of muscle tone to the face (facial droop)

Front 50

effect of botulinum toxin?

Back 50

paralysis - used to treat wrinkles

Front 51

Mandibular nerve block - which one blocks more?

Back 51

extraoral approach blocks more than intraoral approach

Front 52

coniotomy?

Back 52

aka cricothyrotomy - used in emergencies
puncture thyroid cartiledge to ventilate patient

Front 53

tracheotomy?
upper tracheotomy?
lower tracheotomy?

Back 53

done lower on the neck than coniotomy - above the sternal notch

upper = betweem 1st and 2nd tracheal ring
lower = between 2nd and 3rd or 3rd and 4th ring

Front 54

Structures important not to injure during tracheostomy?

Back 54

-ima thyroid a
-Inf. Thyroid a.
-Left brachiocephalic v.
-In children the thymus is present
-Lymph node @ root of neck = sentinel lymph node (indicative of intra abd or intrathoracic CA)

Front 55

Phrenic nerve origin and location relative to scalene gap?

Back 55

C3-C5 - injury here results in loss of ability to breathe

Does NOT pass THROUGH scalene gap; passes over the anterior scalene muscle

Front 56

Trapezius M innervation?

Back 56

Innervation:
spinal root of Accessory nerve (CNXI) = motor
and C3-C4 (propioception) = sensory

Front 57

Fnx & Innervation:
Sternocleidomastoid M

Back 57

Function: unilateral contraction turns the head
to opposite side and bends it ipsilaterally.
Bilateral contraction: lifts the head.
Also functions in respiration.

Innervation: CN-XI, C2-C3

Front 58

Congenital Torticollis

Back 58

Fibromatosis (fibrous tissue tumor) of Sternocleidomastoid M.
Head turns to the side and face away from the affected side.
Leads to stifness of the neck due to fibrosis and shortening of the sternocleidomastoid.
Injury during delivery may also result in Torticollis (muscle tear and hematoma leads to fibrosis)
Therapy: division of the muscle below XI nerve or from its distal attachment.

Front 59

SpasmodicTorticollis? aka?

Back 59

aka Wry Neck
Cranial dystonia (abnormal tonicity)
Between 20-60 years of age. Unknown cause.
May involve bilateral neck muscles especially the Sternocleidomastoid M.
Unilateral deviation of the head. (turning, tilting, flexion or extension of the neck) May involve other muscles in the body.
Therapy: myotomy or also section of the spinal
Accessory N. and upper cervical ant. roots

Front 60

Fxn & Innervation:
Digastric M

Back 60

Function: Raising hyoid and stabilizing it in speaking and swallowing, depressing the mandible.
Innervation:
Ant. Belly: V/3, trigeminal N.
post. belly: VII, facial nerve

Front 61

Branchial Arteries?

Back 61

embryonic arteries aka arches that have an associated nerve

Front 62

Branchial Arches and associated nerves?

Back 62

-Arch 1 = CN-V -> nerve to branchial arch 1 = ant. Belly = also mastication muscles
-Arch 2 = CN-VII -> nerve to branchial arch 2 = post. Belly = also facial muscles
-Arch 3 = CN IX
-Arch 4 and 6 = CN-X
-Arch 5 in humans doesn’t fully develop

Front 63

2 branches of laryngeal n?

Back 63

Superior laryngeal nerve
Inferior laryngeal nerve aka recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 64

innervation Geniohyoid M

Back 64

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

Front 65

_________ is the only muscle innervated by CN 9 in the pharynx

Back 65

Stylopharyngeus muscle

Front 66

What is in the scalene gap?

Back 66

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Front 67

phrenic nerve location relative to scalene gap?

Back 67

Over anterior scalene muscle but not THROUGH gap

Front 68

Scalene muscles are innervated by?

Back 68

Brachial plexus

Front 69

"care free" zone?

Back 69

Occipital T.

Front 70

careful zone?

Back 70

Omoclavicular T. - careful

Front 71

Thyroid secretes ______ via C cells aka ______ cells. Causes?

Back 71

secretes calcitonin via clear/parafollicular cells

causes increased bone formation and decreased serum Ca++

Front 72

_______ is secreted as T3 and T4 via _____ cells. Regulates?

Back 72

thyroxin is secreted as T3/T4 via follicular cells

regulates metabolism

Front 73

PTH function

Back 73

decreases bone foremation and increases serum Ca++

Front 74

__________ Innervates most of laryngeal muscles

Back 74

Recurrent laryngeal n (branch of CN-X) Innervates most of laryngeal muscles

Front 75

Only laryngeal muscle NOT innervated by reccurent laryngeal n? innervation?

Back 75

Superior laryngeal nerve has external branch that innervates cricothyroid muscle

Front 76

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Back 76

digastric m
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

Front 77

Contents:
incisive foramen/incisive canals

Back 77

nasopalatine nerve

Front 78

Contents:
inferior orbital fissure

Back 78

maxillary n
zygomatic n
infraorbital vessels
opthalmic vein

Front 79

Contents:
Infraorbital foramen

Back 79

n. v. a. same name

Front 80

Contents:
mastoid foramen

Back 80

emissary veins
mastoid branch of occipital a

Front 81

Contents:
nasolacrimal

Back 81

nasolacrimal duct