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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cephalic |
head |
|
frontal |
forehead |
|
orbital |
eye |
|
buccal |
cheek |
|
mental |
chin |
|
sternal |
sternum |
|
pectoral |
chest |
|
mammory |
breast |
|
abdominal |
abdomen |
|
pelvic |
pelvic |
|
inguinal |
groin |
|
tarsal |
ankle |
|
digital |
toes/fingers |
|
nasal |
nose |
|
oral |
mouth |
|
cervical |
neck |
|
deltoid |
shoulder |
|
axillary |
armpit |
|
brachial |
arm |
|
antecubital |
front of elbow |
|
antebrachial |
forearm |
|
coxal |
hip |
|
carpal |
wrist |
|
palmar |
palm |
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femoral |
thigh |
|
patellar |
kneecap |
|
crural |
leg |
|
cranial |
surrounding the brain |
|
occipital |
back of the head |
|
auricular |
ear |
|
thoracic |
chest |
|
brachial |
arm |
|
vertebral |
spinal column |
|
olecranal |
elbow |
|
lumbar |
lower back |
|
sacral |
tail bone |
|
gluteal |
buttock |
|
manus |
hand |
|
sural |
calf |
|
plantar |
sole of foot |
|
posterior |
in back of |
|
superior |
closer to the head |
|
inferior |
closer to the feet |
|
medial |
towards the midline of the body |
|
lateral |
away from midline of body |
|
proximal |
closest attachment from the trunk |
|
distal |
furthest attachment from the trunk |
|
dorsal |
back side of the body |
|
ventral |
belly side o the body |
|
caudal |
rear or tail |
|
cranial |
at the head end |
|
deep |
internal, on the inside |
|
coronal section |
separates body into front and back parts |
|
transverse section |
separates body into upper and lower half |
|
midsagittal section |
separates body into equal left and right halves |
|
posterior aspect |
cranial cavity andventral cavity |
|
cranial cavity |
houses the brain |
|
vertebral canal |
contains spinal cord |
|
ventral cavity |
thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, diaphragm |
|
thoracic cavity |
mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity |
|
mediastinum |
empty space in thoracic cavity |
|
pleural cavity |
narrow, moist, potential space between the parietal and visceral layers |
|
pericardial cavity |
potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardia |
|
parietal peritoneum |
outer layer; lines internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity |
|
visceral peritoneum |
inner layer; external surface of most of the digestive organs |
|
Name the 9 abdominopelvic regions |
left & right hypochondriac region, left & right lumbar region, left & right iliac region, epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region |
|
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
multiple interconnect branches of tubules, no ribosomes and has smooth appearance --- synthesizes lipids and metabolizes carbohydrates; detoxifies drugs and alcohol |
|
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
flattened intracellular network of membrane sacs called cisternae; ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic surface -- synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes; transports and stores molecules |
|
mitochondria |
double membrane structure with cristae that are involved in producing ATP (cell's energy) -- "powerhouse of cells" |
|
Golgi apparatus |
stacked series of flattened, smooth membrane sacs with associated transport vesicles -- modifies, packages, sorts newly synthesizes proteins for secretion |
|
peroxisome |
membrane-enclosed sacs; uses oxygen to detoxify specific harmful substances. -- converts hydrogen peroxide formed during metabolism to water |
|
lysosome |
membrane sacs formed by the Golgi apparatus -- contains enzymes used by the cell to digest waste products, self destructs |
|
cytoplasm |
contains cytosol -- stores nutrients and dissolved solutes |
|
cilia |
short, membrane attached projections containing microtubules, occurs in large numbers on exposed membrane surface -- moves fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface |
|
flagellum |
long, singular membrane extension containing microtubules -- propels sperm in human male |
|
nucleu |
surrounded by double membrane nucleus envelope and contains nucleolus and chromatin -- acts as cell control-center; controls all DNA |
|
nuclear membrane |
double membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents -- separates the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm |
|
simple epithelium |
one layer thick, all the epithelial cells are in direction contact with the basement |
|
stratified epithelium |
contains 2 or more layers of epithelial cells; only deepest layer are in contact with basement membrane |
|
transitional |
multiple layers of polyhedral cells (when tissue is relaxed) or flattened cells. EX; urinary tract |
|
merocrine gland |
all secretory gland have white bubbles during secretory-- no damage, no change to secretory gland; EX: salivatory gland |
|
holocrine gland |
total disintegration of the cell; entire cells become a secretion EX: oil gland in the dermis |
|
aprocrine gland |
only top portion of the cell becomes secretion EX: mammary gland |
|
hyaline cartilage |
most common type of cartilage, weakest, main function is to support soft tissue |
|
fibrocartilage |
has thicker collagen fibers, strongest |
|
elastic cartilage |
provides strength, elasticity and maintains the shape of certain structure -- EX: external ear |
|
compact bone |
solid, forms the hard outer shell of bone |
|
spongy bone |
located within the interior of a bone, contains spaces |
|
stratum basal |
single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cell contact with basement membrane; deepest epidermal layer, only one that goes through mitosis |
|
stratum spinosum |
several cell layers thick; keratinocytes appear to have spines and are scattered among abundant melanin granules |
|
stratum granulosum |
thick; 3-5 cell layers; keratinization occurs, cell more resistant to destruction |
|
stratum lucidum |
2-3 cell layers thick; found ONLY in thick skin such as palms and soles of feet |
|
stratum corneum |
most superficial layer, 20-30 layers of dead, scaly cells |
|
thick skin |
found on palms and soles of feet; all 5 epidermal strata occurs; contains sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands |
|
thin skin |
4 layers, lacks the stratum lucidum; contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands |
|
papillary layer |
more superficial layer of dermis; composed of areolar connective tissue |
|
reticular layer |
deepest layer of dermis; dense irregular connective tissue surrounding blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands |
|
subcutaneous layer |
no specific layer, not considered part of the integument; deep to dermis; composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue |
|
aprocrine sweat glands |
distributed in axillary, anal, areolar, and pubic regions; produces complex secretion influenced by hormones |
|
merocrine sweat glands |
distributed throughout body except external genitalia, nipples and lips; produce water secretion and is controlled by the nervous system |
|
sebaceous gland |
associated with hair follicles; produces lipid material called sebum |
|
ceruminous glands |
external ear canal; secretion mixes with sebum and exfoliated keratinocytes to form cerumen (earwax) |
|
mammary glands |
mammary, milk to nourish offsprings |
|
basal cell carcinoma |
most common type of skin cancer, originates in stratum basale |
|
squamous cell carcinoma |
arises fro keratinocytes of stratum spinosum, may metastasize to other parts of the body |
|
malignant melanomam |
most deadly type of skin cancer; arises from melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole |
|
ligament |
soft tissue that connects bone to bone |
|
tendon |
soft tissue that connects muscle to bone |
|
what separates the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity? |
diaphragm |
|
the heart is located in a middle compartment called the _____ |
pericardial |
|
sternum is ____ to the heart |
anterior |
|
the lungs are ____ to the shoulder |
medial |
|
the arms are _____ to the heart |
lateral |
|
the heart is ____ to the sternum |
posterior |
|
2 types of supporting connective tissue |
cartilage and bone |
|
basement membrane is found where? |
between the epithelium and connective tissue |
|
anterior |
in front of |
|
popliteal |
back of the knee |