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118 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

cephalic

head

frontal

forehead

orbital

eye

buccal

cheek

mental

chin

sternal

sternum

pectoral

chest

mammory

breast

abdominal

abdomen

pelvic

pelvic

inguinal

groin

tarsal

ankle

digital

toes/fingers

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

cervical

neck

deltoid

shoulder

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

antecubital

front of elbow

antebrachial

forearm

coxal

hip

carpal

wrist

palmar

palm

femoral

thigh

patellar

kneecap

crural

leg

cranial

surrounding the brain

occipital

back of the head

auricular

ear

thoracic

chest

brachial

arm

vertebral

spinal column

olecranal

elbow

lumbar

lower back

sacral

tail bone

gluteal

buttock

manus

hand

sural

calf

plantar

sole of foot

posterior

in back of

superior

closer to the head

inferior

closer to the feet

medial

towards the midline of the body

lateral

away from midline of body

proximal

closest attachment from the trunk

distal

furthest attachment from the trunk

dorsal

back side of the body

ventral

belly side o the body

caudal

rear or tail

cranial

at the head end

deep

internal, on the inside

coronal section

separates body into front and back parts

transverse section

separates body into upper and lower half

midsagittal section

separates body into equal left and right halves

posterior aspect

cranial cavity andventral cavity

cranial cavity

houses the brain

vertebral canal

contains spinal cord

ventral cavity

thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, diaphragm

thoracic cavity

mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity

mediastinum

empty space in thoracic cavity

pleural cavity

narrow, moist, potential space between the parietal and visceral layers

pericardial cavity

potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardia

parietal peritoneum

outer layer; lines internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

visceral peritoneum

inner layer; external surface of most of the digestive organs

Name the 9 abdominopelvic regions

left & right hypochondriac region, left & right lumbar region, left & right iliac region, epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

multiple interconnect branches of tubules, no ribosomes and has smooth appearance ---


synthesizes lipids and metabolizes carbohydrates; detoxifies drugs and alcohol

rough endoplasmic reticulum

flattened intracellular network of membrane sacs called cisternae; ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic surface -- synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes; transports and stores molecules

mitochondria

double membrane structure with cristae that are involved in producing ATP (cell's energy) -- "powerhouse of cells"

Golgi apparatus

stacked series of flattened, smooth membrane sacs with associated transport vesicles -- modifies, packages, sorts newly synthesizes proteins for secretion

peroxisome

membrane-enclosed sacs; uses oxygen to detoxify specific harmful substances. -- converts hydrogen peroxide formed during metabolism to water

lysosome

membrane sacs formed by the Golgi apparatus -- contains enzymes used by the cell to digest waste products, self destructs

cytoplasm

contains cytosol -- stores nutrients and dissolved solutes

cilia

short, membrane attached projections containing microtubules, occurs in large numbers on exposed membrane surface -- moves fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface

flagellum

long, singular membrane extension containing microtubules -- propels sperm in human male

nucleu

surrounded by double membrane nucleus envelope and contains nucleolus and chromatin -- acts as cell control-center; controls all DNA

nuclear membrane

double membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents -- separates the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

simple epithelium

one layer thick, all the epithelial cells are in direction contact with the basement

stratified epithelium

contains 2 or more layers of epithelial cells; only deepest layer are in contact with basement membrane

transitional

multiple layers of polyhedral cells (when tissue is relaxed) or flattened cells. EX; urinary tract

merocrine gland

all secretory gland have white bubbles during secretory-- no damage, no change to secretory gland; EX: salivatory gland

holocrine gland

total disintegration of the cell; entire cells become a secretion EX: oil gland in the dermis

aprocrine gland

only top portion of the cell becomes secretion EX: mammary gland

hyaline cartilage

most common type of cartilage, weakest, main function is to support soft tissue

fibrocartilage

has thicker collagen fibers, strongest

elastic cartilage

provides strength, elasticity and maintains the shape of certain structure -- EX: external ear

compact bone

solid, forms the hard outer shell of bone

spongy bone

located within the interior of a bone, contains spaces

stratum basal

single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cell contact with basement membrane; deepest epidermal layer, only one that goes through mitosis

stratum spinosum

several cell layers thick; keratinocytes appear to have spines and are scattered among abundant melanin granules

stratum granulosum

thick; 3-5 cell layers; keratinization occurs, cell more resistant to destruction

stratum lucidum

2-3 cell layers thick; found ONLY in thick skin such as palms and soles of feet

stratum corneum

most superficial layer, 20-30 layers of dead, scaly cells

thick skin

found on palms and soles of feet; all 5 epidermal strata occurs; contains sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

thin skin

4 layers, lacks the stratum lucidum; contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

papillary layer

more superficial layer of dermis; composed of areolar connective tissue

reticular layer

deepest layer of dermis; dense irregular connective tissue surrounding blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

subcutaneous layer

no specific layer, not considered part of the integument; deep to dermis; composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

aprocrine sweat glands

distributed in axillary, anal, areolar, and pubic regions; produces complex secretion influenced by hormones

merocrine sweat glands

distributed throughout body except external genitalia, nipples and lips; produce water secretion and is controlled by the nervous system

sebaceous gland

associated with hair follicles; produces lipid material called sebum

ceruminous glands

external ear canal; secretion mixes with sebum and exfoliated keratinocytes to form cerumen (earwax)

mammary glands

mammary, milk to nourish offsprings

basal cell carcinoma

most common type of skin cancer, originates in stratum basale

squamous cell carcinoma

arises fro keratinocytes of stratum spinosum, may metastasize to other parts of the body

malignant melanomam

most deadly type of skin cancer; arises from melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole

ligament

soft tissue that connects bone to bone

tendon

soft tissue that connects muscle to bone

what separates the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity?

diaphragm

the heart is located in a middle compartment called the _____

pericardial

sternum is ____ to the heart

anterior

the lungs are ____ to the shoulder

medial

the arms are _____ to the heart

lateral

the heart is ____ to the sternum

posterior

2 types of supporting connective tissue

cartilage and bone

basement membrane is found where?

between the epithelium and connective tissue

anterior

in front of

popliteal

back of the knee