Anatomy Test #3 Hormones Of The Endocrine System

Front 1

Growth hormone and prolactin

Back 1

Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, affect non-endocrine targets

Front 2

Tropic hormones

Back 2

Stimulate hormone release from other endocrine glands

Front 3

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropic hormone) TSH

Back 3

Influences growth and activity of the thyroid gland

Front 4

Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

Back 4

Regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex, stimulates the adrenal cortex

Front 5

Two gonadotropic hormones

Back 5

Hormones of the anterior pituitary, LH and FSH (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone)

Front 6

Growth hormone

Back 6

Released by the anterior pituitary,
General metabolic hormone,
Major effects are directed to growth of skeletal muscles and long bones,
Plays a role in determining final body size,
Causes amino acids to be built into proteins,
Causes fats to be broken down for a source of energy

Front 7

Prolactin (PRL)

Back 7

Stimulates and maintains milk production following childbirth
Function in males is unknown

Front 8

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 8

A gonadotropic hormone, Stimulates follicle development in ovaries, Stimulates sperm development in testes

Front 9

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 9

Triggers ovulation of an egg in females, Stimulates testosterone production in males

Front 10

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 10

Produced by the posterior pituitary, Inhibits urine production by promoting water reabsorption by the kidneys,
In large amounts, causes vasoconstriction leading to increased blood pressure,
Also known as vasopressin

Front 11

Oxytocin

Back 11

Produced by the posterior pituitary, Stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor, sexual relations, and breastfeeding,
Causes milk ejection in a nursing woman

Front 12

Calcitonin

Back 12

Decreases blood calcium levels by causing its deposition on bone
Antagonistic to parathyroid hormone
Produced by parafollicular cells
Parafollicular cells are found between the follicles

Front 13

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 13

Raise calcium levels in the blood

Front 14

Mineralocorticoids

Back 14

Mainly aldosterone, Produced in outer adrenal cortex, Regulates mineral content in blood as well as water and electrolyte balance. Target organ is kidney.

Front 15

Glucocorticoids

Back 15

Produced in the middle layer of the adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata), produces cortisol which controls blood glucose
Help resist long-term stressors,
Released in response to increased blood levels of ACTH,

Front 16

Sex hormones

Back 16

Produced in the inner layer of the adrenal cortex,
Small amounts are made throughout life, Mostly androgens (male sex hormones) are made but some estrogens (female sex hormones) are also formed

Front 17

Aldosterone

Back 17

Regulates Na+, K+, and H2O in blood, sodium levels increase in blood, potassium levels decrease in blood, retains H2O in the blood

Front 18

Renin

Back 18

Angiotensin mechanism, involved in regulating blood pressure

Front 19

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Back 19

Inhibits aldosterone secretion resulting in more sodium in urine and more water in urine, this decreases blood pressure. This is released if blood pressure is too high

Front 20

Cortisol

Back 20

Produced by zona fasciculata, acts to increase blood sugar, we always produce some especially when stressed

Front 21

Insulin

Back 21

Acts to lower blood sugar. Causes glucose to be absorbed by body cells from blood

Front 22

Glucagon

Back 22

Acts to raise blood sugar. Causes glucose to be released from cells to blood

Front 23

Thymosin

Back 23

Matures some types of white blood cells, important in developing the immune system

Front 24

Estrogen

Back 24

Stimulate the development of secondary female characteristics (breasts, pelvis shape, etc), mature female reproductive organs

Front 25

Progesterone

Back 25

Acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle
Helps in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus
Helps prepare breasts for lactation

Front 26

Testosterone

Back 26

Testosterone is the most important androgen
Responsible for adult male secondary sex characteristics
Promotes growth and maturation of male reproductive system
Required for sperm cell production