Anatomy Test 3: Chapter 5

Front 1

True or false: Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood.

Back 1

true

Front 2

True or false: Columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.

Back 2

true

Front 3

True or false: Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.

Back 3

false

Front 4

True or false: In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.

Back 4

true

Front 5

True or false: The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.

Back 5

true

Front 6

True or false: Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

Back 6

true

Front 7

True or false: Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.

Back 7

false

Front 8

True or false: Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.

Back 8

false

Front 9

True or false: Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane shape.

Back 9

false

Front 10

True or false: Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.

Back 10

true

Front 11

True or false: Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.

Back 11

false

Front 12

True or false: Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.

Back 12

false

Front 13

True or false; The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.

Back 13

false

Front 14

True or false: The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.

Back 14

true

Front 15

True or false: Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.

Back 15

true

Front 16

There are 50 trillion cells of ______ different cell types.

Back 16

200

Front 17

List the four broad categories of tissues.

Back 17

epithelial tissue

connective tissue

nervous tissue

muscular tissue

Front 18

What is a structure with discrete boundaries that is composed of two or more tissue types?

Back 18

organ

Front 19

What is a group of similar cells and cell products that arise from the same region of the embryo and work together to perform a specific structural or physiological role in an organ?

Back 19

tissue

Front 20

In what ways do the four primary tissues differ from one another?

Back 20

types and functions of their cells
characteristics of the matrix (extracellular material)
relative amount of space occupied by cells versus matrix

Front 21

What is the matrix (extracellular material) composed of?

Back 21

fibrous proteins

clear gel called ground substance, tissue fluid, extracellular fluid (ECF), interstitial fluid, or tissue gel

Front 22

In what form does human development begin?

Back 22

single cell -- fertilized egg

divides to produce scores of identical, smaller cells

first tissues appear when these cells start to organize themselves into layers: first two, then three strata

Front 23

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Back 23

Ectoderm (outer) --> gives rise to epidermis and nervous system

Endoderm (inner) --> gives rise to mucous membrane lining, digestive and respiratory tracts, digestive glands, etc.

Mesoderm (middle) --> becomes gelatinous tissue called mesenchyme; wispy collagen fibers and fibroblasts in gel matrix; gives rise to muscle, bone, blood.

Front 24

Describe the ectoderm germ layer.

Back 24

(outer) gives rise to epidermis and nervous system

Front 25

Describe the endoderm germ layer.

Back 25

(inner) gives rise to mucous membrane, digestive and respiratory tracts, digestive glands, etc.

Front 26

Describe the mesoderm germ layer.

Back 26

(middle) becomes gelatinous tissue called mesenchyme

wispy collagen fibers and fibroblasts in the gel matrix

gives rise to muscle, bone, blood

Front 27

Which tissue section consists of tissue sliced into thin sections one or two cells thick?

Back 27

histological sections

Front 28

Which tissue section consists of tissue mounted on slides and artificially colored with histological stain?

Back 28

stains

Front 29

Sectioning reduces 3-dimensional structure to ___________________.

Back 29

2-dimensional slice

Front 30

Which tissue section consists of tissue cut along long direction of organ?

Back 30

longitudinal section (l.s.)

Front 31

Which tissue section consists of tissue cut perpendicular to length of organ?

Back 31

cross section (c.s. or x.s.) or transverse section (t.s.)

Front 32

Which tissue section consists of tissue cut at angle between cross and longitudinal sections?

Back 32

oblique section

Front 33

Which tissue section consists of tissue rubbed or spread across slide? Give examples.

Back 33

smear

spinal cord or blood

Front 34

Which tissue section consists of cobwebby tissue laid out on slide? Give examples.

Back 34

spread

areolar tissue

Front 35

Which form of tissue consists of a flat sheet of closely adhering cells and is one or more cells thick?

Back 35

epithelial tissue --> covers body surface and lines body cavities

upper surface is usually exposed to the environment or an internal space in the body

forms the external and internal linings of many organs

Front 36

Which form of epithelial tissue contains 1 layer of cells and is named by the shape of cells?

Back 36

simple epithelium --> all cells touch the basement membrane

Front 37

Which form of epithelial tissue contains more than 1 layer of cells and is named by the shape of apical cells?

Back 37

stratified epithelium --> some cells rest on top of others and do not touch basement membrane

Front 38

Name and describe the 4 types of simple epithelia.

Back 38

simple squamous (thin, scaly cells)
simple cuboidal (square or round cells)
simple columnar (tall, narrow cells)
pseudostratified columnar (shorter cells are covered by taller ones; all cells reach the basement membrane)

Front 39

What are wineglass-shaped mucus-secreting cells In simple columnar and pseudostratified epithelia?

Back 39

goblet cells

Front 40

Which form of simple epithelia permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances and secretes fluid?

Back 40

simple squamous epithelium --> single row of thin cells

alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa

Front 41

Which form of simple epithelia functions for absorption and secretion, mucus production, and movement?

Back 41

simple cuboidal -> single layer of square or round cells

liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, and kidney tubules

Front 42

Which form of simple epithelia contains a brush border of microvilli ciliated in some organs, may possess goblet cells, and functions for secretion and absorption as well as the secretion of mucus?

Back 42

simple columnar epithelium --> single row of tall, narrow cells

oval nuclei in basal half of cell

lining of GI tract, uterus, kidney, and uterine tubes

Front 43

Which form of simple epithelia contains nuclei at several layers, cilia and goblet cells, and secretes and propels mucus?

Back 43

pseudostratified epithelium --> looks multilayered, some not reaching free surface; all touch basement membrane

respiratory tract and portions of male

Front 44

Which form of tissue consists of some cells resting directly on others allowing only the deepest layer to reach the basement membrane, and consists of 2-20 or more layers of cells?

Back 44

stratified epithelia

Three stratified epithelia are named for the shapes of their surface cells.
stratified squamous
stratified cuboidal
stratified columnar (rare)

4th type: transitional epithelium

Front 45

What is the most widespread epithelium in the body?

Back 45

stratified epithelia

Front 46

The deepest layers of stratified epithelia undergo continuous _____________. Explain.

Back 46

mitosis

Their daughter cells push toward the surface and become flatter as they migrate farther upward.

finally die and flake off through exfoliation or desquamation

Front 47

Describe the two kinds of stratified squamous epithelia.

Back 47

keratinized --> found on surface of skin, abrasion resistant

nonkeratinized --> lacks surface layer of dead cells

Front 48

Which form of stratified epithelia resists abrasion, retards water loss through skin, and resists penetration by pathogenic organisms?

Back 48

keratinized stratified squamous --> flat and scaly surface

epidermis; palms and soles heavily keratinized

Front 49

Which form of stratified epithelia resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens?

Back 49

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, and vagina

Front 50

Which form of stratified epithelia secretes sweat and produces sperm and ovarian hormones?

Back 50

stratified cuboidal epithelium --> surface cells square or round

sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules

Front 51

Which form of stratified epithelia allows for filling of urinary tract?

Back 51

transitional epithelium --> change from round to flat when stretched

ureter and bladder

Front 52

What is a type of tissue in which cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material and binds organs to each other, and supports and protects organs?

Back 52

connective tissue --> highly vascular (richly supplied with blood vessels)

most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of the primary tissues

Most cells of connective tissue are not in direct contact with each other (separated by extracellular material)

Front 53

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Back 53

binding of organs such as tendons and ligaments

support bones and cartilage

physical protection of the cranium, ribs, and sternum

immune protections -- white blood cells attack foreign invaders

movement -- bones provide lever system

storage of fat, calcium, and phosphorus

heat production -- metabolism of brown fat in infants

transport blood

Front 54

What is another word for white blood cells?

Back 54

leukocytes

neutrophils wander about attacking bacteria

lymphocytes react against bacteria, toxins, and other foreign material

Front 55

Which form of fibrous connective tissue produce fibers and ground substance?

Back 55

fibroblasts

Front 56

Which form of fibrous connective tissue phagocytizes foreign material and activate the immune system when they sense foreign matter or antigens?

Back 56

macrophages --> arise from white blood cells called monocytes

Front 57

Which form of fibrous connective tissue synthesizes disease-fighting antibodies?

Back 57

plasma cells --> arise form lymphocytes

Front 58

Which form of fibrous connective tissue is found alongside blood vessels?

Back 58

mast cells --> secrete heparin to inhibit clotting; secrete histamine to dilate blood vessels

Front 59

Which form of fibrous connective tissue stores triglycerides or fat molecules?

Back 59

adipocytes

Front 60

Which fibers are tough, flexible, and resist stretching, are found in tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of the skin?

Back 60

collagenous fibers --> most abundant of the body's proteins (25%)

Front 61

Which fibers are thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein that form the framework of organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes?

Back 61

reticular fibers

Front 62

Which fibers are thinner than collagenous fibers, branch and rejoin each other, are made of protein called elastin, and allows stretching and recoiling?

Back 62

elastic fibers

yellow fibers - fresh elastic fibers

Front 63

What is a long polysaccharide composed of unusual disaccharides called amino sugars and uronic acid which plays an important role of regulating water and electrolyte balance in the tissues?

Back 63

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Front 64

What is the most abundant GAG and what is its function?

Back 64

chondroitin sulfate --> in blood vessels and bone

responsible for stiffness of cartilage

Front 65

Ground substance is usually a gelatinous to rubbery consistency resulting from three classes of large molecules. What are these 3 classes?

Back 65

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

proteoglycans

adhesive glycoproteins

Front 66

What is a gigantic molecule shaped like a test-tube brush that forms thick colloids which create strong structural bonds between cells and extracellular macromolecules?

Back 66

proteoglycans --> holds tissues together

Front 67

Which form of fibrous connective tissue is composed of loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels, and a lot of seemingly empty space?

Back 67

areolar tissue

underlies all epithelia, in serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels

Front 68

Nearly every epithelium rests on a layer of ____________ tissue.

Back 68

areolar

Front 69

Which form of fibrous connective tissue is composed of reticular fibers and fibroblasts and forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs?

Back 69

reticular tissue --> loose connective tissue

found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow

Front 70

Which form of fibrous connective tissue is composed of densely packed, parallel collagen fibers, and compressed fibroblast nuclei?

Back 70

dense regular connective tissue

elastic tissue/fibers wavy sheets

Tendons attach muscles to bones and ligaments hold bones together.

Front 71

Which form of fibrous connective tissue is composed of densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibers and few visible cells that withstands unpredictable stresses?

Back 71

dense irregular connective tissue

deeper layer of skin; capsules around organs

Front 72

What is the body's primary energy reservoir?

Back 72

fat

The quantity of stored triglycerides and the number of adipocytes are quite stable in a person.

Front 73

What is the space between adipocytes occupied by?

Back 73

areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and blood capillaries

Front 74

Which form of tissue provides thermal insulation, anchors and cushions organs such as eyeballs and kidneys, and contributes to body contours (female breast and hips)?

Back 74

adipose tissue --> empty-looking cells with thin margins

On average, women have more fat than men. Too little can reduce female fertility.

Most adult fat is called white fat.

Front 75

What is the heat-generating tissue found in hibernating animals, fetuses, infants, and children?

Back 75

brown fat

Front 76

What is the supportive connective tissue with flexible, rubbery matrix that gives shape to ear, tip of nose, and larynx?

Back 76

cartilage

Chondroblasts produce matrix and surround themselves until they become trapped in little cavities (lacunae).

Front 77

What are the cartilage cells in lacunae?

Back 77

chrondrocytes

Front 78

What is the sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage?

Back 78

perichondrium --> surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage (NOT articular cartilage)

contains a reserve population of chondroblasts that contribute to cartilage growth throughout life

Front 79

Which process bring nutrients and removes wastes from cartilage?

Back 79

diffusion (because it has no blood vessels)

Cartilage heals slowly.

Front 80

Which form of cartilage eases joint movement, hold airway open, moves vocal cords during speech, and has a clear, glassy microscopic appearance because of unusual fineness of the collagen fibers?

Back 80

hyaline cartilage --> usually covered by perichondrium

articular cartilage, costal cartilage, trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton

Front 81

Which form of cartilage contains elastic fibers and provides flexible, elastic support to the external ear and epiglottis?

Back 81

elastic cartilage --> covered with perichondrium

Front 82

Which form of cartilage contains large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers, resists compression, and absorbs shock?

Back 82

fibrocartilage --> never has perichondrium

pubic symphysis, menisci, and intervertebral discs

Front 83

What are the two meanings of bone?

Back 83

an organ of the body

femur, mandible composed of multiple tissue types

Front 84

What makes up most of the mass of bone?

Back 84

osseous tissue (bone tissue)

Front 85

Which form of osseous tissue consists of delicate struts of bone called trabeculae and is found in heads of long bones and in middle of flat bones such as the stenum?

Back 85

spongy bone --> covered by compact bone; spongy in appearance

Front 86

Which form of osseous tissue is a dense, calcified tissue with no visible spaces in which the cells and matrix surround vertically oriented blood vessels in long bones?

Back 86

compact bone --> more complex arrangement

Front 87

What is the central canal of the bone and its surrounding lamellae?

Back 87

osteon

Front 88

Where is bone matrix deposited?

Back 88

concentric lamella

Front 89

Compact bone is arranged in cylinders that surround ___________________ that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones.

Back 89

central (haversion or osteonic) canals

Front 90

What are mature bone cells that occupy the lacunae?

Back 90

osteocytes

Front 91

What are delicate canals that radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors, and allow osteocytes to contact each other?

Back 91

canalculi

Front 92

What is tough fibrous connective tissue that covers the bone as a whole?

Back 92

periosteum

Front 93

Which form of connective tissue transports cells and dissolved matter from place to place?

Back 93

fluid connective tissue

Front 94

What is the term that describes blood's liquid ground substance?

Back 94

plasma

Front 95

What is another word for red blood cells?

Back 95

erythrocytes --> transport O2 and CO2

Front 96

What are the cell fragments involved in clotting and other mechanisms?

Back 96

platelets

Front 97

Excitability is a characteristic of all living cells. Which systems is this characteristic developed to the highest degree?

Back 97

excitability

Front 98

What is the electrical charge difference (voltage) that occurs across the plasma membranes and is the basis for their excitation?

Back 98

membrane potential

Front 99

How do nerves respond to changes in membrane potential?

Back 99

rapid transmission of signal signals to other cells

Front 100

How do muscles respond to changes in membrane potential?

Back 100

contraction, shortening of the cell

Front 101

Which part of the neuron houses nucleus and other organelles and is the cell's center of genetic control and protein synthesis?

Back 101

neurosoma

Front 102

Which part of the neuron consists of multiple short, branches processes that receive signals from other cells, and transmit messages to neurosoma?

Back 102

dendrites

Front 103

Which part of the neuron sends outgoing signals to other cells?

Back 103

axon (nerve fiber) --> can be more than a meter long

Front 104

Which form of tissue is specialized for communication by electrical and chemical signals?

Back 104

nervous tissue --> consists of neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia

Front 105

Which cells in nervous tissue detect stimuli, respond quickly, and transmit coded information rapidly to other cells?

Back 105

neurons (nerve cells)

Front 106

Which cells in nervous tissue protect and assist neurons, and are considered "housekeepers" of the nervous system?

Back 106

neuroglia (glial)

Front 107

Which form of tissue consists of elongated cells that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation?

Back 107

muscular tissue --> primary job is to exert physical force on other tissues and organs

creates movements involved in body and limb movement, digestion, waste elimination, breathing, speech, and blood circulation

important source of body heat

Front 108

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Back 108

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Front 109

Which form of muscular tissue is composed of long, threadlike cells called muscle fibers, contains striations, and is voluntary?

Back 109

skeletal muscle --> striations, voluntary

most attach to bone

containing multiple nuclei adjacent to plasma membrane

Front 110

Which form of muscular tissue is limited to the heart, is striated, and involuntary?

Back 110

cardiac muscle --> striations, involuntary

myocytes or cardiocytes are shorter, branched, and notched at ends

contain one centrally located nucleus surrounded by light-staining glycogen

intercalated discs join cardiocytes end to end

Front 111

Which form of muscular tissue consists of one centrally located nucleus, relatively short fusiform cells, lacks striations, and is involuntary?

Back 111

smooth muscle --> lacks striations, involuntary

visceral muscle - forms layers of digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract: propels contents through an organ, regulates diameter of blood vessels

Front 112

What are the connections between one cell and another?

Back 112

cell junctions

All cells (except blood and metastatic cancer cells) are anchored to each other or their matrix by intercellular junctions

resist stress and communicate with each other

Front 113

Which junction is a region in which adjacent cells are bound together by fusion of the outer phospholipid layer of their plasma membranes?

Back 113

tight junction --> seals of intercellular space; makes it impossible for substance to pass between cells

in epithelia, forms a zone that completely encircles each cell near its apical pole

Front 114

What is a patch that holds cells together, serves to keep cells from pulling apart, and resists mechanical stress?

Back 114

desmosomes (like a clothing snap)

hooklike J-shaped proteins arise from the cytoskeleton

Front 115

What anchors the basal cells of epithelium to the underlying basement membrane causing epithelium to not easily peel away from underlying tissues?

Back 115

hemidesmosomes

Front 116

Which junction is formed by a ringlike protein called connexon, consists of 6 transmembrane proteins arranged like segments of an orange, and has surrounding water-filled pores?

Back 116

gap (communicating) junction

ions, glucose, amino acids, and other solutes pass from one cell to the next

Front 117

What is a cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body or releases them for elimination from the body?

Back 117

gland --> composed of epithelial tissue in a connective tissue framework and capsule

may produce product synthesized by the gland (digestive enzymes) or products removed from tissues and modified by the gland (urine)

secretion product is useful to the body
excretion production is waste

Front 118

Which glands maintain their contact with the body surface by way of a duct (epithelial tube that conveys secretion to surface)?

Back 118

exocrine glands

sweat, mammary, and tear glands

Front 119

Which glands lose their contact with the surface and have no ducts?

Back 119

endocrine glands

hormones
secrete (hormones) directly into blood
thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands

Front 120

Which organs have both exocrine and endocrine glands?

Back 120

liver, gonads, pancreas

Front 121

Which glands are found in epithelium that is predominantly nonsecretory and can be endocrine or exocrine?

Back 121

unicellular glands

mucus-secreting goblet or endocrine cells of stomach and small intestine

Front 122

What is the connective covering of most exocrine glands?

Back 122

capsule

Front 123

What are extensions of the capsule that divide the interior of the gland into compartments (lobes, which may be further divided into lobules)?

Back 123

septa or trabeculae

Front 124

What is the connective tissue framework of the exocrine gland that supports and organizes granular tissue?

Back 124

stroma

Front 125

What are cells that perform the tasks of synthesis and secretion in exocrine glands?

Back 125

parenchyma --> typically cuboidal or simple columnar epithelia

Front 126

Which glands produce thin, watery secretions?

Back 126

serous glands

perspiration, milk, tears, digestive juices

Front 127

Which glands produces the glycoprotein, mucin, which absorbs water to form a sticky secretion called mucus?

Back 127

mucous glands

goblet cells: unicellular mucous glands

Front 128

Which glands release whole cells, sperm, and egg cells?

Back 128

cytogenic glands

Front 129

What is the shape of an exocrine gland in which the duct and secretory portion have uniform diameter?

Back 129

tubular

Front 130

What is the shape of an exocrine gland that has secretory cells that form a dilated sac?

Back 130

acinar

Front 131

What is the shape of an exocrine gland that has both tubular and acinar portions?

Back 131

tubloacinar

Front 132

Which exocrine gland structure has an unbranched duct? branched duct?

Back 132

simple - unbranched duct

compound - branched duct

Front 133

How do merocrine (eccrine) glands release their secretion?

Back 133

vesicles release the secretion of merocrine glands by exocytosis

tear glands, pancreas, gastric glands, and others

Front 134

List examples of apocrine glands.

Back 134

axillary sweat glands, mammary glands

Front 135

Which gland cells accumulate a product and then the entire cell disintegrates and has a secretion mixture of cell fragments and synthesized substance?

Back 135

holocrine glands

all glands of scalp, glands of eyelids

Front 136

Which membrane consists of stratified squamous epithelium resting on a layer of connective tissue and is considered the largest membrane in the body?

Back 136

cutaneous membrane (skin)

stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) resting on a layer of connective tissue (dermis)

Front 137

Which membrane lines passages that open to the external environment?

Back 137

mucous membranes (mucosa)

absorptive, secretory, and protective functions

Front 138

Which membrane is the internal membrane that consists of simple squamous epithelium resting on a layer of areolar tissue?

Back 138

serous membrane (serosa)

produces serous fluid that arises from blood

covers organs and lines walls of body cavities

Front 139

How can damaged tissues be repaired?

Back 139

regeneration --> replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same type of cell as before; restores normal function

skin injuries and liver regenerate


fibrosis --> replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue; holds organs together, does not restore normal function

severe cuts and burns, healing of muscle injuries, scarring of lungs in tuberculosis

Front 140

What is the term that describes tissue growth through cell multiplication?

Back 140

hyperplasia

Front 141

What is the term that describes the enlargement of preexisting cells?

Back 141

hypertrophy

Front 142

Which membrane lines joint cavities?

Back 142

synovial membrane

connective tissue layer only, secretes synovial fluid

Front 143

What is the term that describes the development of a tumor (pleoplasm)?

Back 143

neoplasia

benign or malignant
composed of abnormal, nonfunctional tissue

Front 144

What are undifferentiated cells that are not yet performing any specialized function but have potential to differentiate?

Back 144

stem cells

Front 145

What is the term that describes the process in which unspecialized tissues of embryo become specialized mature types?

Back 145

differentiation

ex: mesenchyme to muscle

Front 146

What is the term that describes the process of changing from one type of mature tissue to another?

Back 146

metaplasia

simple cuboidal tissue of vagina before puberty changes to stratified squamous after puberty

pseudostratified columnar epithelium of bronchi of smokers to stratified squamous epithelium

Front 147

Describe totipotent embryonic stem cells.

Back 147

have potential to develop into any type of fully differentiated human cells

source: cells of very early embryo

Front 148

Describe pluripotent embryonic stem cells.

Back 148

can develop into any type of cell in the embryo

source: cells of inner cell mass of embryo

Front 149

Describe multipotent adult stem cells.

Back 149

bone marrow producing several blood cell types

Front 150

Describe unipotent adult stem cells.

Back 150

most limited plasticity; only epidermal cells produced

Front 151

Describe the healing of a cut into the skin.

Back 151

severed blood vessels bleed into the cut

mast cells and damaged cells release histamine

dilates blood vessels

increases blood flow to area

makes capillaries more permeable

Front 152

What 3 things does blood plasma that seeps into a wound carry?

Back 152

antibodies
clotting proteins
blood cells

Front 153

What forms the scab that temporarily wounds and blocks infection?

Back 153

blood clot

macrophages phagocytize and digest tissue debris

Front 154

What is the shrinkage of a tissue through a loss in cell size or number?

Back 154

atrophy

sterile atrophy --> through normal aging
disuse atrophy --> from lack of use

Front 155

What is the premature, pathological death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, or infections?

Back 155

necrosis

Front 156

Which form of necrosis occurs when blood supply is cut?

Back 156

infarction

Front 157

Which form of necrosis occurs when due to insufficient blood supply?

Back 157

gangrene

Front 158

Which form of necrosis occurs due to a bed sore or pressure sore?

Back 158

decubitis ulcer

Front 159

Which form of necrosis occurs due to an anaerobic bacterial infection?

Back 159

gas gangrene