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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Macrophages are elevated in:
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chronic infections (tb)
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the normal concentration of white blood cells in blood?
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4000 - 11000 per cmm.
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Granulocytes have a life span of
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a few hours to a few days
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agranulocytes live how much longer than granulocytes?
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100-300 days
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Leukocytosis:
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higher than normal white blood count (greater than 11000)
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Leukocytosis occurs in
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acute and chronic infections
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Leukopenia is a
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lower than normal white blood count. (less than 4000)
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leukopenia can be caused from
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certain drugs particularly glucocorticoids adn anti-cancer drugs.
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leukemias are associated with
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very high white blood counts. It is a cancerous condition of the white blood cell producing tissue
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myelocytic leukemia
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leukemia where the leukemic cells are derived from the myeloblast.
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lymphocytic leukemia
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leukemia where the leukemic cells are derived from lymphoblast.
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leukemias may develop ______ or ________
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rapidly (acute) or progress slowly (chronic)
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leukemias from blastic cells are
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acute
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leukmias from later developmental stages are
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chronic
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children tend to have___________ while older ppl tend to have
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acute leukemias, chronic.
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Infectious mononucleosis is a
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highly contagious disease caused by the epstein-barr virus.
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infectious mononucleouis is associated with
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high levels of agranulocytes
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leukopoiesis refers to the
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formation of white blood cells
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white blood cell formation is stimulated by
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hormones from certain shite blood cells. These hormones are termed colony-stimulating factors (csf's)
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The colonly stimulating factors that have been identified to date includes:
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granulocyte colony stimulating factor (gcsf), macrophage-monocyte colony stimulating factor (m-csf), multicolony stimulatign factor(multi-csf or interleukin 3).
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some of the csf's are being used clinically to:
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stimulate white blood cell formation in cancer patients undergoig chemotherapy ad in individuals with compromised immune systems (aids patients)
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in the formation of white blood cells, the myeloid stem cell does what
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differentiates into a myeloblast or a monoblast.
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the myeloblast then does what?
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goes on to form the three granulocyte cell types.
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the monoblast does what?
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form monycytes
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in the lymphoid lineage the lymphoid stem cell forms:
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lymphoblast
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the lymphoblast then does what:
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differentiates into the various types of lymphocytes.
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in the formation of platelets, the hemocytoblast first:
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form the megakaryoblast.
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the megakaryoblast develops into
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megakaryocyte
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the megakaryocyte then fragments to form
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many platelets.
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platelets lack
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nuclei
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platelets can under go
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amoeboid movement
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platelets are also known as
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thrombocytes
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the formation of platelets is regulated by the hormone
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thrombopoietin
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Platelets are present in the blood at a concentration of
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250,000-500,000/cmm
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platelets have a life span of
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5-10 days
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platelets are destroyed by
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the liver and spleen
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hemostasis refers to
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all of the mechanisms which stop bleeding
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damage to a blood vessel exposes _________ from the ___________________.
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collegen, subendothelial connective tissue
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platelets stick to ___________ that has been coated with a protein, secreted by ___________.
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collagen, endothelial cells (von willebrand factor)
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the reaction of platelets sticking to collegen coated with a protein initiates the
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platelet release reaction.
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what is the platelet release reaction
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platelets release ADP, serotonin, and a prostaglandin termed "thromboxane a2"
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serotonin and thromboxane a2 cause
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vascular spasms and vasoconstriction in the immediate area.
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vascular spasms and vasoconstriction do what during hemostasis
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reduces blood flow through the severed vessel during hemostasis.
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the formation of a platelet plug helps to do waht
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plug up the end of a severed vessel.
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ADP and thromboxane A2 cause platelets to do waht?
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aggregate atthe site of injury and form a plug to reduce blood loss.
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Blood clotting involves the formation of a
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fibrin network or clot
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blood clotting may occur by an
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intrinsic pathwayand an extrinsic pathway
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the extrinsic pathway and the intrinsic pathway lead to.
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a common pathway
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after a clot is formed, the clot ay
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retract due to contraction of platelets to form a compact plug in a severed vessel.
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the intrinsic pathway is initiated by
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factors within the blood
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the intrinsic pathway mechanism begins when
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plasma contacts negative surfaces such as collagen or glass
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the contact of plasma to negative surfaces activates waht
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factor XII. (hageman factor)
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Factor XII is a __________ and activates _________
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protease, factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent-PTA)
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Factor XI activates
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factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component-PTC)
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After factor XI activates factor IX, the next step is
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formation of factor VIII complex
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the four components of factor VIII complex are
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factor VIII (anti-hemophilic factor AHF), activated factor IX, calcium ions, platelet phospholipids (platelet factor 3 PF3)
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platelet pohospholipids (platelet factor 3) is released during?
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platelet release reaction.
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Factor VIII leads into
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the common pathway
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HI
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how ya doing
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whats up
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dog
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