Anatomy Test 2: Lungs

Front 1

What are the properties of the lungs and what are they seperated by?

Back 1

Soft and spongy
Recoil to 1/3 their size when not inflated
Separated by the medistinum and attached by their roots

Front 2

Arrangement of the hilum

Back 2

1. Superior most Left is the pulmonary artery
2. Superior most on right is the supreior lobar bronchus
3. Anterior and inferiormost of both is the superior and inferior pulmonary veins
4. Bronchus are in the middle of the posterior boundary and surrounded by the bronchial vessels

Front 3

Horizontal and Oblique fissures

Back 3

Divide the lungs into lobes. The right has two horizontal and one oblique to give three lobes. The left has one oblique.

Front 4

Right lung characteristics

Back 4

Shorter, heavier, thicker, and wider, this is because the right dome of the diaphragm is higher and the heart bulges a little to the left.

Front 5

Cardiac notch

Back 5

The indentation on the anterior border of the left lung due to the heart being there.

Front 6

3 surfaces and borders of the lungs

Back 6

1. Costal
2. Mediastinal
3. Diaphragmatic
4. Anterior
5. Posterior
6. Superior

Front 7

Charcteristics of the costal surface of the lungs?

Back 7

Large smooth and convex

Front 8

Mediastinal surface

Back 8

Concave and includes the hilum, esophageal groove, and cadiac impression on right.
Larger cardiac impressio, groove for aortic arch, descending aorta and small groove for esophagus on left.

Front 9

Right lung impressions

Back 9

Behind the hilum is the esophagus. Anterior to the hilum is the vena cava and circles top into the azygous vein.
In between those will be the subclavian artery

Front 10

Left lung impressions

Back 10

Posterior most is aortic arch and at the top is the left subclavian artery.
Left brachiocephalic vein is the top indent.
Esophagus is the indent closest to the sleeve.

Front 11

What is an azygous lobe in the right lung?

Back 11

It is an extra lobe that can appear in the right lung because of the arching of the azygous vein over the apex not the hilum.

Front 12

Nerve damage of the phrenic and laryngeal due to cancer can cause what?

Back 12

Phrenic nerve damage can paralyze the diaphragm. Damage in the left laryngeal nerve in lung apex cancer, cna lead to hoarseness in the voice.

Front 13

What are the characteristics of the two primary bronchi?

Back 13

Right is wider shorter and more vertical.
The left passes below the aorta and the anterior to esophagus and thoracic aorta.

Front 14

Trachea

Back 14

Bifurcates at the sternal angle into the primary bronchi.

Front 15

Lobar bronchi

Back 15

One for each lobe of the lung

Front 16

What are the Segmental bronchi and where do they go?

Back 16

For each segment. They are accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and vein forming the root.

Front 17

What do the Bronchopulmonary segments allow?

Back 17

1. Allows parts of the lung to be surgically resectable.
2. Pyrimidal shape with apices facing the hilum
3. Supplied by the segmental bronchus
4. Drained by pulmonary veins
5. 10 in the right lung, 8-10 in the left

Front 18

Atelectasis

Back 18

Interruption of air supply

Front 19

Infarction

Back 19

Interruption of blood supply

Front 20

Bronchoscopy and the carina

Back 20

1. Go down the trachea to the last ring and you see a carina(ridge) a bronchi seperation.
2. If the lymph nodes here are enlarged the carina is distorted, widened and immobile
3. The mucous membrane of the carina is very sensitive to teh cough reflex.

Front 21

Lung resection

Back 21

Localized tumors in segments can be resected.
It's called pnuemonectomy, lobectomy or resectomy

Front 22

How does the Arterial vasculature of the lungs work?

Back 22

1. Right and left pulmonary arteries branch at the sternal angle from the pulmonary trunk
2. Then they give the superior lobe branch before hitting the hilum
3. Within the lung it descends posterolaterally and divides into lobar and segmental arteries
4. Arteries and bronchi are paired

Front 23

What does the Venous vasculature of the lungs consist of?

Back 23

Veins in the pulmonary capillaries unite and run independently of arteries to the hilum and out to the heart. Veins from the parietal pleura drain into the systemic veins, and from the visceral pleura drains into the pulmonary veins.

Front 24

What do the Bronchial arteries supply and where do they go?

Back 24

1. Supplies the root and the tissues
2. Gives branches to the esophagus and then follows bronchus to bronchioles and anastemose with the pulmonary artery branches

Front 25

Bronchial veins

Back 25

Drain the proximal part of the root of the lungs and esophagus.
The right drains into the azygous and the left drains into the acessory hemiazygous or superior intercostal veins.

Front 26

Superficial lymphatic plexus

Back 26

1. Deep to visceral pleura
2. Drains lung parenchyma and visceral pleura into the bronchopulmonary lymphnodes

Front 27

what does the Deep lymphatic plexus drain?

Back 27

1. Draining structures at the root of the lung and into the pulmonary lymphnodes

Front 28

Deep and superficial lymph plexus

Back 28

Both these drain into the superior and inferior tracheobrochial lymphnodes that drain into the bronchomediastinal lymphnodes

Front 29

What are the different types of Nerves of the lung pleura and what do they do?

Back 29

Stabbing pain = parietal
Dull pain = visceral
Vagus fibers constrict, vasodilate and secretomotor
Parietal innervated by intercostal and phrenic nerves