Anatomy Test 2

Front 1

circulatory system: angiology

Back 1

study of vessels.
angi means vessels, including lymph as well as blood vessels.
Lymph system is part of ciculation.

Front 2

Blood vascular system

Back 2

vessels containing blood.

Front 3

cardiology:

Back 3

study of the heart (cardia)

Front 4

Location of heart

Back 4

interior portion of mediastinal cavity.

Front 5

Tunics:

Back 5

lining that wraps the heart like clothes

Front 6

Tunics: Endocardium

Back 6

innermost lining of the heart, its only 1 cell thick through the entire vascular system. Only in the heart is it called endocardium.

Front 7

Tunics: myocardium

Back 7

middle tunic, muscular layer.

Front 8

Tunics: epicardium (outer)

Back 8

outer layer of the heart and is visceral pericardium which is the inner layer of pericardium. Same layer, 2 names

Front 9

Pericardium

Back 9

closed sac around the heart

Front 10

Pericardium: visceral

Back 10

inner layer of sac

Front 11

pericardium: perietal

Back 11

outer layer of sac, part of sec against wall of the thorax.

Front 12

Heart is an

Back 12

artery:
3 tunics
3 arteries

Front 13

Chambers: Right atrium

Back 13

collects blood from all parts of anatomy.
Target in embalming

Front 14

Fossa ovalis:

Back 14

(oval depression) in adult heart is referance of the foramen oval (oval hole) that was present in fetus that closed at birth and leave the fossa in the adult.

Front 15

superior vena caval orifice

Back 15

opening of superior vena cava that comes into R. atrium

Front 16

inferior vena caval orifice

Back 16

opening in inferior vena cava that comes into right atrium

Front 17

coronary sinus orifice

Back 17

opening to coronary sinus which drains the heart wall back to the heart through right atrium.

Front 18

right ventrical: Right atrioventricular orifice

Back 18

opening to tricuspid valve

Front 19

pericardium: perietal

Back 19

outer layer of sac, part of sec against wall of the thorax.

Front 20

papillary muscle

Back 20

cone shaped muscles in the floor of the ventricles.

Front 21

chorde tendinae

Back 21

tendenous chords that run from the tips of the papillary muscles to the corresponding valve.

Front 22

papillary muscle and chorde tendinae keep

Back 22

valve from closing(averting)

Front 23

Pulmonary trunk orifice

Back 23

opening into the common pulmonary trunk located in right ventricle

Front 24

pulmonary semi-lunar valve

Back 24

half moon shaped valve right in the mouth of the common pulmonary trunk. (external, into lung)

Front 25

Left atrium

Back 25

pulmonary venous orifices blood from the lungs and carries oxygenate blood
(4 total, 2 each lung)

Front 26

left ventricle (LV) : atrioventricular valve orifice

Back 26

opening into the mitral(bicuspid) valve

Front 27

LV: bicuspid or mitral or left atrioventricular valve

Back 27

blood flows between the left atrium and right ventricle through the valve.

Front 28

LV Aortic orifice

Back 28

opening in the aorta

Front 29

LV Aortic semi-lunar valve

Back 29

half moon shaped valve in the mouth of aorta. Used for embalming.

Front 30

Circulatory system

Back 30

characteristics are arteries, veins, and nerves.

Front 31

Arteries

Back 31

will stand by themselves, even when empty
cream colored
present lumen

Front 32

veins

Back 32

bluish color
will collapse when empty
tunica media are very thin
have lumen

Front 33

nerves

Back 33

silver white color
very tough
present no lumen, instead have many silvery white nerve tracks

Front 34

nerves incoming:

Back 34

sensory

Front 35

nerves outgoing

Back 35

motor

Front 36

Arteries: Arteriology:

Back 36

study of arteries.
have same identical layer is heart but dif names

Front 37

Art layer: Tunica intima

Back 37

endocardium continuous with tunica intima and will be smooth through the entire circulatory system

Front 38

Art layer: tunica media

Back 38

middle layer, smooth thick muscle

Front 39

art layer: tunica adventitia

Back 39

outermost layer of an artery that's made of connective tissue.
Epicardium/visceral pericardium is continual w/tunica adventitia

Front 40

Arterioles

Back 40

Little arteries, loses externa, only 2 tuniced lined vessel

Front 41

Arterioles: Tunica interna

Back 41

inner lining

Front 42

Arterioles: tunica media

Back 42

outer lining

Front 43

Capillaries

Back 43

only one cell thick and can only be seen at the microscope level.
tissue type is endothelium
Outer layer is tunica interna

Front 44

Venules:

Back 44

2 layers thick
-tunica interna
-tunica media

Front 45

phlebology

Back 45

study of veins

Front 46

Vein

Back 46

3 tuniced blood vessels returning to the heart
-tunica interna
-tunica media
-tunica externa

Front 47

Vasa vasorum

Back 47

vessels of vessel.
found on arteries and veins but very difficult to see on veins.

Front 48

Pulmonary circulation

Back 48

oriniates in the R. ventricle and ends in the L. atrium

Front 49

Systemic circulation

Back 49

originates in L. ventricle and terminates in R. atrium (returning all venus blood)

Front 50

anastomoses

Back 50

kissing of opposite blood flows uniting one

Front 51

collateral circulation

Back 51

2nd channel of circulation that are back ups to main channels.
Collateral circuits were established by anastomoses

Front 52

Aorta location

Back 52

being L. Ventricle, ascends, arches posteriorly, and descends to terminate just to the left of back bone at L4 by bifurcation into common illiacs.

Front 53

Ascending aorta: Aortic semilunar valve and clinical correlation

Back 53

right in mouth of aorta, L. ventricle

Front 54

Ascending aorta: origin of coronary arteries

Back 54

beginning of ascending aorta, feeds the myocardium

Front 55

Brachiocephallic artery

Back 55

1st branch of arch
unique only on right side
it's short and splits into R. Subclavian and R. common carotid

Front 56

Right subclavian

Back 56

under clavical, it's short and branches into R. vertebral artery which turns into basilary artery is at base of brain stem and feeds brain. Basilar artery bifurcates into 2 posterior cerebrals that receive the 2 posterior communicating arteries

Front 57

verterbral artery

Back 57

backup supply to the circle of willis.

Front 58

right internal thorasic artery

Back 58

mammary arteries
branch into sub clavian inside breast plate.

Front 59

R. axillary artery

Back 59

continuation of R. subclavian

Front 60

R. Brachial artery

Back 60

continuation of axillary artery.
branch: R. deep brachial artery=feeds muscles.
profunus(deep) brachii: deep brachial artery

Front 61

R. radial artery

Back 61

Lateral to right deep arch and to R digital arteries.
would pick radial over ulanar to embalm b/c radial feeds deep palmar arch.

Front 62

r. ulnar artery

Back 62

medial to superficial palmer arch to R digital arteries.

Front 63

R. common carotid

Back 63

it quits to bifurcation at voice box.

Front 64

R. external carotid

Back 64

out to face, feeds face

Front 65

R. facial artery

Back 65

external maxillary artery, outside maxillary bones

Front 66

R. superficial temporal artery

Back 66

feeds skin of scalp w/ internal maxillary artery= 2 terminal bifurating branches of external common carotid

Front 67

posterior auricular artery

Back 67

feeds the pinna(ear flap)

Front 68

R. internal common carotid

Back 68

feeds brain
goes thru carotid canal or petrous temperal.

Front 69

Greater cerebral arterial circle(wall of willis)

Back 69

size=quarter
internal carotid feeds COW.
Circle wraps around pituitary gland

Front 70

components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, Internal carotids

Back 70

2 (r and l)
internal caritids trifurcating into anterior, middle and posterior communicating arteries

Front 71

components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, anterior cerebral arteries

Back 71

2 (r and l)
feeds front of brain

Front 72

components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, posterior communicating arteries

Back 72

2

Front 73

components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, posterior cerebral arteries

Back 73

2, feeds back of cerebrum

Front 74

components: of Greater cerebral arterial circle, anterior communicating artery

Back 74

1

Front 75

direction of flow around the circle will depend on

Back 75

physiological demand

Front 76

carotid body

Back 76

monitors blood pressure. vaso constriction/dialation if pressure changes

Front 77

L. external carotid

Back 77

out to face, feeds face

Front 78

L. facial artery

Back 78

external maxillary artery, outside of maxillary bones

Front 79

Descending thoracic aorta

Back 79

need to say descending b/c in thoracic there is an ascending.

Front 80

bronchial group

Back 80

bronchial tubes and up into trachea

Front 81

pericardial group

Back 81

to pericardium

Front 82

esophageal

Back 82

to esophagus

Front 83

intercostals croup

Back 83

between ribs to take care of muscles.

Front 84

subcostal group

Back 84

only 2. located under ribcage

Front 85

superior phrenics

Back 85

only 2, top of diaphram

Front 86

Abdominal aorta

Back 86

Do not say descending, there is no ascending abdominal aorta

Front 87

Abdominal aorta: celiac axis of celiac trunk artery

Back 87

very short
1st unpaired branch off abdominal aorta
trifurcates into 3 divisions

Front 88

celiac axis of celiac trunk artery-3 trifurcation divisions,

Back 88

-L gastric artery, feeds stomach
-splenic artery, feeds spleen
-common hepatic artery, feeds liver

Front 89

Superior mesenteric artery

Back 89

2nd unpaired branch of ab aorta
feed the right side of intestines

Front 90

inferior mesenteric artery

Back 90

3rd unpaired branch of ab aorta. feeds L. side of intestines.

Front 91

inferior phrenic arteries

Back 91

1st paired, feeds inferior surface of diaphragm

Front 92

middle suprarenal

Back 92

2nd paired by adrenal glands

Front 93

renal arteries

Back 93

3rd paired-kidneys

Front 94

gonadal arteries

Back 94

4th paired, testes or ovaries

Front 95

lumbar arteries

Back 95

5 pairs
1 pair for each lumbar
feed the side walls

Front 96

middle sacral arteries

Back 96

5 pair
feeds the sacrum, come off the back side

Front 97

terminal branches

Back 97

split at L4 into common illiacs which splits into internal and external iliacs

Front 98

internal iliac arteries

Back 98

feed the viscera in pelvis cavity

Front 99

external iliac arteries

Back 99

go into femeral, the change takes place at midpoint of inguinal ligament.
femeral is immediately deep of ligament.

Front 100

arteries of lower extremeties: femoral

Back 100

thru thigh, starts lateral and ends medial.
feeds anterior region of thigh.
adductor mangus muscle has opening which marks end of the femoral.

Front 101

arteries of lower extremeties: popliteal

Back 101

pops out back at bend of knee.
runs vertically thru popliteal space.

Front 102

arteries of lower extremeties posterior tibial

Back 102

behind tibia
feeds the crus

Front 103

arteries of lower extremeties: dorsalis pedis

Back 103

(top of foot) anterior tibial only!
changes name at bend of ankle.
It runs the top foot between the big toe and adjacent toe.