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237 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bucca
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cheek
|
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labrium
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lip
|
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oris
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mouth
|
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palpebrae
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eyelid
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mentum
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chin
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Trigeminal Nerve is divided into three branches:
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V1- ophthalmic nerve
V2-maxillary nerve V3- madibular nerve |
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Sesory to face above the bottom of the eye
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V1-Opthalmic Nerve
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Sensory to face below the eye and above the teeth
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V2-Maxillary Nerve
|
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Sensory to face below teeth
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V3- Mandibular Nerve
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What comes out of the supraorbital foramen?
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Supraorbital Artery, Vein, and Nerve
CN V-1 |
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What comes out of the infraorbital foramen?
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Infraorbital Artery, Vein, and Nerve
CN V-2(Maxillary Nerve) |
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What comes out of the Mental Foramen?
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Mental Artery, Vein, Nerve
CN V-3(Mandibular Nerve) |
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2 Concerning Pathologies of The Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) are:
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1. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
2. Tic Douloureux |
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Initial Infection- Varicella Zoster Virus (chickenpox)
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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
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severe, stabbing pain in the area supplied by CN V (unknown cause)
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Tic Douloureux
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What is the parotid gland innervated by?
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Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers (CN IX) carried by the auriculotemporal nerve (branch of Mandibular N.) to the parotid gland.
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The parotid duct empties into
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Vestibule of mouth opposite the 2nd upper molar tooth
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What nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?
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Facial Nerve (CN 7)
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What are the branches of muscles of facial expression?
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T-temporal
Z- zygomatic B- buccal M- mandibular C- cervical |
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What is the orbicularis oculi's function?
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Close the eye
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What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
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Closes the mouth, puckers the lips
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Bell's Palsy
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Pathology of CN7 (facial nerve) where a person cannot close their eye or whistle
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Central Lesion of Facial Nerve (CN7)
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Person can close their eye, but not whistle
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The Pterion is an area of weakness which a fracture may tear the__________ which will result in a _______________
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meningeal artery
epidural hematoma |
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The pterion is made up of:
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Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone Temporal Bone Sphenoid Bone |
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Contents of the Infratemporal Fossa include
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Maxillary Artery
Mandibular Artery Muscles of Mastication |
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Where is the Infratemporal Fossa located?
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Behind the zygomatic arch and ramus of the mandible
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What does the sphenopalatine artery supply?
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Nasal chamber
|
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What does the infraorbital artery supply?
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The upper teeth and maxillary region of the face
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What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?
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lower teeth and mandibular region of the face
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Maxillary Artery branches:
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Inferior Alveolar Artery
Middle Meningeal Artery Sphenopalatine Artery Infraorbital Artery |
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The Middle Meningeal Artery passes through
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two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve.
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Deep temporal nerves function in
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motor
|
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Auriculotemporal nerve functions in
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Sensory to TMJ and FAce in front of ear
|
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Inferior Alveolar nerve functions in
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Sensory to lower teeth and mandibular region of face
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Nerve to Mylohyloid functions in
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motor to mylohyloid
|
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Lingual Nerve Functions in
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Sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
|
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Buccal Nerve Functions in
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Sensory to buccal region inside and outside of mouth
|
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What is the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve?
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Mental Nerve
|
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Sphenopalatine Foramen contains
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sphenopalatine artery
|
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The foramen ovale contains
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CN V-3
|
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The foramen spinosum contains
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Middle Meningeal artery
|
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Drain tip of tongue
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Submental Nodes
|
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Drain Middle 1/3 of Tongue
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Submandibular Nodes
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Drain Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
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Deep Cervical Nodes
|
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The Oropharynx is located between
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Soft Palate & Epiglottis
|
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The Sublingual Glad is innervated by what nerve? Empties Where? How many openings?
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CN VII
Floor of Oral Cavity Via many Openings |
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The Submandibular Gland is innervated by what nerve? Empties Where? How many openings?
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CN VII
Lateral to the frenulum at the sublingual caruncle One duct |
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The Parotid Gland is innervated by what nerve? Empties where? How many openings?
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CN IX
Empties into vestibule opposite second upper molar One duct- parotid papilla |
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Sensory to the cheek of the mouth
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CN V3- buccal n.
|
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Sensory to lower lip of the mouth
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CN V3- mental n.
|
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Sensory to upper lip of mouth
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CNV2 - infraorbital n.
|
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Vestibule of mouth sensory innervation
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CNV3 buccal n.
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Floor below tongue sensory innervation
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CN V3 Lingual n.
|
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Roof of mouth (hard palate)
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CN V2 Greater Palatine N.
|
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Drug delivery uses
|
Deep Lingual Vein
|
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Geniohyoid Innervation
|
C1
|
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Mylohyoid Sensory Innervation
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CNV3 lingual
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Pit In center of Sulcus Terminalis? What does it lead to?
|
Foramen Secum. Opening of the thyroglossal duct.
|
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Valllate Papilla Taste buds are innervated by
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CN IX
|
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Fungiform Papilla Tastebuds are innervated by
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CN VII
|
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Foliate Papilla Taste buds are innervated by
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CN VII
|
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Filliform Papilla
|
no taste buds
|
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Posterior 1/3 of tongue innervation for 1) sensory 2) taste
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1) Glossopharyngeal
2) Glossopharyngeal |
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Anterior 2/3 of tongue innervation for 1)sensory 2)taste
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1)Lingual Nerve of CV3
2)Chorda tympani of CVII |
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3 Extrinsic Tongue Muscles? All innervated by?
|
styloglossus, genioglossus, hypoglossus
XII Hypoglossal N. |
|
Function of the Styloglossus
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Retract tongue
|
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Function of the Genioglossus
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Protract tongue
|
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Function of the hypoglossus
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Depress tongue
|
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What do intrinsic tongue muscles do?
|
Flatten, Curl, Point
|
|
In a CXII lesion which side would the tongue deviate towards?
|
The affected side.
|
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Structures Lateral to hypoglossal muscle?
|
Lingual N.
Submandibular Ganglion Submandibular Duct Hypoglossal N. |
|
Structure Medial To Hyoglossal muscle
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Lingual Artery
|
|
If you knocked out facial nerve
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You would lose facial expression, posterior belly of diagastric, and stylohyoid. You wouldn't be able to close eye and corner of mouth would droop
|
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If you knocked out chorda tympani
|
deficit would be taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue
|
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If you knocked out lingual
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deficit would be sensory for anterior 2/3 of tongue
|
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If you knocked out the place where the chorda tympani and lingual meet
|
deficit would be sensory and taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue
|
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If you took facial out prior to the stylomastoid foramen
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deficit would be facial expression, cant close eye, droopy corner of mouth, taste and sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue
|
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If you took out the greater petrossal nerve
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deficit would be lacrimation and mucous membranes could not secrete
|
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If you took out Facial Nerve at the Internal Acoustic Meatus
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You would lose everything of CN 7.
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Your superior laryngeal splits into
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Internal laryngeal
External laryngeal |
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Internal laryngeal gives what type of innervation
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sensory to larynx above vocal folds
|
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External laryngeal gives what type of innervation
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motor to cricothyroid
|
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Inferior laryngeal gives what type of innrvation
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motor and sensory
|
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Recurrent Laryngeal gives what type of innervation
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motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid) and sensory to larynx below the vocal folds
|
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Vestibule is covered with what mucous membrane
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Quadragualar Membrane
|
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Vesitbule's innervation
|
sensory from internal laryngeal nerve
|
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Infraglottic Compartment is covered in what type of mucous membrane?
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Conus Elasticus
|
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What is the infraglottic compartment's innervation?
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sensory from inferior laryngeal n.
|
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Cough Reflex innervation
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CN X (Vagus) afferent and efferent
|
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Cricothyroid is innervated by and functions in
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External laryngeal
Tenses vocal folds |
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Posterior Cricoarytenoid is innervated by and functions in
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Inferior laryngeal
Abduct vocal ligaments |
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Lateral cricoarytenoid is innervated by and functions in
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Inferior laryngeal
Adducts the vocal ligaments |
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Thyroarytenoid is innervated by and functinos in
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Inferior laryngeal
Relaxes the vocal ligaments |
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Vocalis muscle is
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the most medial fibers of the thyroarytenoid that is responsible for relaxing a portion of the vocal ligament which is responsible for change in pitch.
|
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Transverse arytenoid is innervated by and functions in
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Inferior laryngeal
Adducts vocal ligaments |
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Oblique arytenoid is innervated by and functions in
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Inferior laryngeal n.
Adducts vocal ligaments |
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Aryepiglottic m. is innevated by and functions in
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Inferior laryngeal n.
Closes the vestibule |
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Your thyrohyoid membrane is at what level
|
C4
|
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Your thyroid cartilage is at what level?
|
C5
|
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Your cricoid cartilage is at what level
|
C6
|
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Your nasopharynx is located
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Above your soft palate
|
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Your oropharynx is located
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Below soft palate and above epiglottis
|
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Laryngopharynx is located
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below epiglottis and above cricoid cartilage
|
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Larynx is located
|
between epiglottis and cricoid cartilage in front of the larygopharynx
|
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Layers of the pharayngeal wall
|
1. Mucous Membrane- epithelial cells
2. Submucosa 3. Pharyngobasilar fasia- inner layer of deel fascia of muscles 4. Muscular layer- inner longitudinal layer & outer circular layer 5. Buccal pharyngeal fasia- outer layer of deep fasia muscles. 5. |
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What innervates your nasopharynx?
|
Sensory CNV2 -maxillary
|
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What innervates your oropharynx?
|
Sensory CN IX- Glossopharyngeus
|
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What innervates your laryngopharynx?
|
Sensory X- Vagus
|
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Where is your retropharyngeal space?
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Behind your pharynx between your buccopharyngeal and alar fascia
|
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Danger Zone - zones where an infection can get into and split all layers all the way to the thoracic cavity is located between
|
Alar Fascia and Prevertebral Fascia
|
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Your true pretracheal fascia includes
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both alar and buccopharyngeal fascia
|
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Superior constrictor is innervated by
|
CN X Vagus
|
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Your stylopharyngeus is innervated by
|
CN IX
|
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Your middle constrictor is innervated by
|
CN X Vagus
|
|
Salpingopharyngeus is innervated by
|
CN X Vagus
|
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Palatopharyngeus is innervated by
|
CN X- Vagus
|
|
The superior constrictor is
|
above the stylopharyngeus musclse
|
|
The middle constrictor is
|
at the hyoid prominence
|
|
The inferior constrictor is
|
under the hyoid prominence
|
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Nasopharynx's sensory
|
CN V2- maxillary
|
|
Levator veli palatini is innervated by and function to
|
CN X- vagus
Elevate the soft palate |
|
Muscularis uvulae is innervated by
|
CNX- vagus
|
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Tensor veli palatini (shiny white tendon--for lab) is innervated by and functions to
|
CN V3- Mandibular
Tenses soft palate |
|
Salpingopharyngeus is innervated by
|
CN X vagus
|
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Palatopharngeus is innervated by
|
CN X vagus
|
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Either side of the epiglottis is called
|
????
|
|
Palatoglossus m. is innervated by
|
CN X-vagus
|
|
Gag Reflex innervation
|
Afferent CN IX
Efferet CN X |
|
Tonsilar Ring used in protection from foreign bodies
|
Waldyer's ring
|
|
Waldyer's ring is composed of and drains to
|
1. Lingual Tonsils
2. Palatine Tonsils 3. Pharyngeal Tonsils Superior group of deep cervical nodes (associated w/carotid sheath) |
|
Blood Supply to Pharynx of External Carotid
|
Ascending Pharyngeal
Facial Maxillary Superior Thyroid |
|
Blood Supply to pharynx of subclavian
|
Inferior Thyroid
|
|
Prevertebral Region is located
|
behind the pharynx
|
|
Prevertebral Muscles include:
|
longus capitas, longus colli, anterior, middle, and inferior scalenes
|
|
Prevertebral Muscles are covered by 1) and innervated by 2)
|
1. prevertebral fascia
2. cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami) |
|
Styloglossus is innervated by
|
CNXII
|
|
Stylohyoid is innervated by
|
CN VII
|
|
Posterior Belly of Digastric and Stylohyoid are innervated by
|
CN VII Facial
|
|
Above the Superior Cervical Gangilion is referred to as
|
Internal Carotid Nerve
|
|
Below the Superior Cervical Ganglion
|
Sympathetic Trunk
|
|
Pharyngeal Plexus Innervates 1) and is made up of 2)
|
1) constrictor muscles
2) CN X-vagus Motor CN IX- glossopharyngeal- sensory |
|
Nerve to Carotid Body and Sinus is innervated by
|
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
|
|
Carotid Body contains
|
Chemoreceptors for high CO2 levels and Low O2 levels
|
|
Carotid Sinus contains
|
baroreceptors for high pressure
|
|
Carotid Reflex
|
Sensory -glossopharyngeal CNIX
Motor- vagus X |
|
The infratemporal fossa is found where
|
Behing the ramus of the mandible and zygomatic arch
|
|
What are the contents of the infratemporal arch?
|
Maxillary Artery - Middle Meningeal Artery, Inferior Aveolar Artey, Sphenopalatine Artey, & Infraorbital Artey
Mandibular Nerve (CNV3) Muscles of Mastication -lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid |
|
What does the sphenopalatine artey supply?
|
The nasal chamber
|
|
What does the infraorbital artery supply?
|
The upper teeth and maxillary region of face
|
|
What does the inferior aveolar artery supply?
|
The lower teeth and mandibular region of face
|
|
Anatomical landmark of the middle meningial artery
|
Passes between two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve
|
|
The sphenopalatine fossa is made up of and contains
|
Made up of : Lateral pterygoid plate of the greater wing of the spehnoid & palatine bone of the hard palate.
Contains the sphenopalatine foramen which contains the shenopalatine artery. |
|
Branches of Mandibular and their functions:
|
Deep Temporal Nerves- motor
Auriculotemporal N- ssensory to TMJ and face in front of ear Inferior Aveolar- Sensory to lower teeth and madibular region of face N. to mylohyoid- motor to mylohyoid Lingual- Sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue Buccal- sensory to buccal region inside and outside of mouth |
|
Terminal branch of inferior aveolar
|
Mental N.
|
|
Foramina of the Infratemporal Fossa (2) and what they contain
|
Foramen Ovale- CNV3, Otic ganglion
Foramen Spinosum-middle meningeal artery |
|
Important landmark in the infratemporal fossa: the lingual nerve and inferior aveolar nerve run over which muscle?
|
Medial Pterygoid Muscle
|
|
Functions of the auriculotemporal nerve:
|
Carries sensory to the TMJ, sensory to the face in front of the ear, and it carries postganglionic parasympathetic nerves from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland.
|
|
Parasympathetics to the parotid gland
|
CN IX, tympanic br., tympanic plexus, lesser pertrousal n., OTIC ganglion, auriculotemporal n., parotid gland
|
|
Sympathetics to the parotid gland
|
T1T1, SCG, Superficial temporal artery, parotid gland
|
|
Chorda tympani (branch of facial) functions
|
Joins lingual, carries taste fibers to anterior 2/3 or tongue as well as carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion
|
|
Your muscles of mastication function are to
|
Act on the TMJ (innervated by mandibular N)
|
|
Masseter muscle functions to
|
occlude the jaw
|
|
Temporalis muscle functions to
|
Retract and occlude the jaw
|
|
Lateral Pterygoid functions to
|
Open the mouth
|
|
Medial Pterygoing functions to
|
Close the mouth, side to side grinding
|
|
Anything associated with the trigeminal branch uses what ganglion?
|
Semilunar
|
|
End of the spinal cord is called 1) and ends at 2)
|
1.Conus Medularis
2. L2 |
|
Dorsal & Ventral Rootlets are covered in
|
Pia Mater only
|
|
Dorsal & Ventral Roots are covered in
|
All three layers
|
|
Termination of the dura-arachnoid sleeve is at
|
S2
|
|
Area that contains CSF
|
subarachnoid space
|
|
Where is CSF produced?
|
Choroid plexus, (2) lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles
|
|
Cerebral Aqueduct connects
|
3rd and 4th ventricles
|
|
Where would you do a spinal tap?
|
Below Conus Medullaris (L2) at about the level of the iliac crest (L4). In the cauda equina in subarachnoid space (with CSF)
|
|
Vertebral column and spinal column are very vascular and consists of:
|
Verterbral arteries, subclavian artery, posterior intercostal arteries, anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal arteries, lumbar arteries, and lateral sacral arteries
|
|
Horner's Syndrome is caused by 1) and consists of 2)
|
1) Loss of sympathetics to head
2) constricted pupil, flushing of face (dilated blood vessels), ptosis(drooping of upper eyelid), anhydrosis (dryness) |
|
Normal Sympathetic response to head:
|
Dialation of pupils
Constriction of blood vessels Smooth muscle helps elevate upper eye lid Sweating |
|
Muller's Muscle is caused by and consists of
|
1) Loss of sympathetics
2)Drooping of upper eye lid (ptosis) |
|
Sympathetics in Orbit
|
T1T2, SCG, Opthalmic Artery,Short Cillary N., Dilator Pupil Muscle
|
|
Cell bodies for postganglionic sympathetics in the eye are located
|
SCG
|
|
Parasympathetics to Eye
|
Inferior Div III, Cillary Ganglion, Short Cillary N., Sphincter Papillae & Cillaris M.
|
|
Corneal Reflex (Blink Reflex)
|
Sensory- opthalmic (CN V1) to cornea
Motor- Facial (CNVII) to orbicularis oculi |
|
All muscles in pharynx are innervated by vagus except 1) which is innervated by 2)
|
1) Stylopharyngeus
2) CN IX |
|
Your superior constrictor origin is the
|
Pterygomandibular raphe
|
|
Boundary between Superior constrictor and Middle constrictor
|
Stylopharyngeus muscle
|
|
Inferior Constrictor is divided into
|
Thyropharyngeus and Cricopharyngeus
|
|
Muscles of soft palate, functions, and innervations
|
1) Levator veli palatin (X)-elevates soft palate
2)Muscularis uvulale (X) 3) Tensor veli palatine- (CV3) tenses soft palate |
|
Muscles inside pharynx with innervation:
|
Salpingopharyngeus (X)
Palatopharyngeus (X) |
|
Gag Reflex
|
Sensory IX
Motor X |
|
Pharyngeal tonsils are located in the
|
pharyngeal recess
|
|
Palatine tonsils are located
|
In between palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus
|
|
Oro- and Naso Pharynx Tonsils
|
Pharyngeal Tonsils
Palatine Tonsils Lingual Tonsils |
|
What two nerves contribute to the pharyngeal plexus
|
IX & X
|
|
Branches off CN IX go to
|
Stylopharyngeus
Nerve to the Carotid Body & Sinus |
|
Anatomical Landmark for Occipital Artey
|
CN XII crosses it
|
|
Anatomical landmark for ascending pharyngeal
|
On posterior surface of middle and superior constrictors
|
|
The ptygeromaxillary fissure is the opening to the 1) which contains the 2) which contains the 3) which has seven things
|
1) Pterygopalatine Fossa
2) Ptyerygopalatine Foramen 3) Maxillary N. (CV2) Infraorbital Nerve Nasal N. Palatine N. Nerve of the Pterygopalatine Canal Pterygopalatine Ganglion Sphenopalatine Artery |
|
Medial Pterygoid plate contains a
|
hamulus
|
|
Nerve of the pterygopalatine canal contains the
|
Greater Pertrosal n.
Deep Pertrosal n. |
|
Major artery supplying blood to the nose
|
Sphenopalatine Artery
|
|
Parasympathetics to Lacrimal Gland
|
VII, Greater Pertrosal N, Nerve of Pterygopalatine Canal, Pterygopalatine Ganglion, Zygomatic N. Common Branch to Lacrimal N, Lacrimal Gland
|
|
External Acoustic Meatus is made up of
|
Outer 1/2 Cartilage and Inner 2/3 bone
|
|
External Acoustic Meatus is seperated from the inner ear by
|
the tympanic Membrane
|
|
Otitis Externus
|
swimmer's ear
|
|
Middle Ear is Aka
|
tympanic cavity
|
|
The middle ear is continuous with 2 regions
|
Mastoid Air Cells
Nasopharynx |
|
Opens into the nasopharynx
|
auditory tube
|
|
Infection in your middle ear
|
Otitis medius
|
|
Ausicles of your middle ear:
|
Incus
Stapes Malleus |
|
Roof of Middle Ear is made up of
|
Petrous Part of Temporal Bone
Middle Cranial Fossa Temporal Lobe of the Brain |
|
The Floor of your middle ear contains
|
Internal Jugular Vein
|
|
Anterior Wall of your ear
|
Tensor tympanic m (CNV3)
Auditory Tube Internal Carotid Artery |
|
Middle Ear Lateral Wall
|
Facial Nerve (in roof)
Chroda tympani (VII) Tympanic Membrane Malleus |
|
Middle Ear Posterior Wall
|
Aditus to the mastoid antrum
Stapedius m. (VII) Facial nerve canal |
|
Middle Ear Medial Wall
|
Promontory- represents cochlea in inner ear
|
|
Inner Ear Contents
|
Semicircular Canal
Vestibule Cochlea |
|
Semicircular Canal functions in
|
Balance
|
|
Vestibule contains 1) which is responsible for 2) which is innervated by 3)
|
1) vestibular ganglion
2)sensory neurons for balance 3) CN VIII |
|
Cochlea contains 1) which is responsible for 2) which is innervated by 3)
|
1) spiral ganglion
2)sensory neurons for hearing 3) CN VIII |
|
OFF OF FACIAL...
1) Geniculate ganglion is responsible for 2) Greater Petrosal N. is responsible for 3) Chorda Tympani is responsible for |
1) sensory neuron cell bodies- taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue
2) pregang. parasympathetics to the ptergyopalatine ganglion for lacrimation 3)taste fibers from anterior 2/3 of tongue to the submandibular ganglion |
|
Tensor tympani m. functions and is innervated by
|
functions to dampen lound sound waves and is innervated by CNV3
|
|
Geniculate Ganglion is associated with
|
taste from chorda tympani
|
|
Your superficial temporal nerve drains your cavernous sinus via
|
emissary veins, superior sagittal, and sigmoid sinus, etc.
|
|
Cauda Equina is made up of
|
Dorsal and Ventral Rootlets of spinal nerves covered only in pia mater
|
|
Corneal Blink Reflex
|
Sensory (CNV1)
Motor (Facial CNVII) |
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Pharyngeal Plexus is made up of
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CN IX and CNX
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The posterior constrictor is innervated by
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the external laryngeal nerve
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Muscle that tenses the vocal cords
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cricoartynoid
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The sensory innervation that covers the piriform recess is
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internal laryngeal n.
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Which muscle of the pharynx is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve?
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cricopharyngeus
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Which of the pharynx muscles relaxes when stimulated?
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cricopharyngeus
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Greater Petrosal n is involved in
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Carrying CNVII preganglionic parasympathetics to pterygopalatine ganglion
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Deep Petrosal n is involved in
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carrying postganglionic SYMPATHETICS to lacrimal gland
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What nerve supplies the upper bridge of your nose?
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Opthalmic Nerve CNV1
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Cell bodies for nerves supplying general sensory to the nose?
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Semilunar Ganglion
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Cell bodies for nerves supplying taste to anterior 2/3 of your tongue?
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Geniculate Ganglion
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