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237 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
bucca
cheek
labrium
lip
oris
mouth
palpebrae
eyelid
mentum
chin
Trigeminal Nerve is divided into three branches:
V1- ophthalmic nerve
V2-maxillary nerve
V3- madibular nerve
Sesory to face above the bottom of the eye
V1-Opthalmic Nerve
Sensory to face below the eye and above the teeth
V2-Maxillary Nerve
Sensory to face below teeth
V3- Mandibular Nerve
What comes out of the supraorbital foramen?
Supraorbital Artery, Vein, and Nerve
CN V-1
What comes out of the infraorbital foramen?
Infraorbital Artery, Vein, and Nerve
CN V-2(Maxillary Nerve)
What comes out of the Mental Foramen?
Mental Artery, Vein, Nerve
CN V-3(Mandibular Nerve)
2 Concerning Pathologies of The Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) are:
1. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
2. Tic Douloureux
Initial Infection- Varicella Zoster Virus (chickenpox)
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
severe, stabbing pain in the area supplied by CN V (unknown cause)
Tic Douloureux
What is the parotid gland innervated by?
Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers (CN IX) carried by the auriculotemporal nerve (branch of Mandibular N.) to the parotid gland.
The parotid duct empties into
Vestibule of mouth opposite the 2nd upper molar tooth
What nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?
Facial Nerve (CN 7)
What are the branches of muscles of facial expression?
T-temporal
Z- zygomatic
B- buccal
M- mandibular
C- cervical
What is the orbicularis oculi's function?
Close the eye
What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
Closes the mouth, puckers the lips
Bell's Palsy
Pathology of CN7 (facial nerve) where a person cannot close their eye or whistle
Central Lesion of Facial Nerve (CN7)
Person can close their eye, but not whistle
The Pterion is an area of weakness which a fracture may tear the__________ which will result in a _______________
meningeal artery
epidural hematoma
The pterion is made up of:
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Contents of the Infratemporal Fossa include
Maxillary Artery
Mandibular Artery
Muscles of Mastication
Where is the Infratemporal Fossa located?
Behind the zygomatic arch and ramus of the mandible
What does the sphenopalatine artery supply?
Nasal chamber
What does the infraorbital artery supply?
The upper teeth and maxillary region of the face
What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?
lower teeth and mandibular region of the face
Maxillary Artery branches:
Inferior Alveolar Artery
Middle Meningeal Artery
Sphenopalatine Artery
Infraorbital Artery
The Middle Meningeal Artery passes through
two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve.
Deep temporal nerves function in
motor
Auriculotemporal nerve functions in
Sensory to TMJ and FAce in front of ear
Inferior Alveolar nerve functions in
Sensory to lower teeth and mandibular region of face
Nerve to Mylohyloid functions in
motor to mylohyloid
Lingual Nerve Functions in
Sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Buccal Nerve Functions in
Sensory to buccal region inside and outside of mouth
What is the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve?
Mental Nerve
Sphenopalatine Foramen contains
sphenopalatine artery
The foramen ovale contains
CN V-3
The foramen spinosum contains
Middle Meningeal artery
Drain tip of tongue
Submental Nodes
Drain Middle 1/3 of Tongue
Submandibular Nodes
Drain Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
Deep Cervical Nodes
The Oropharynx is located between
Soft Palate & Epiglottis
The Sublingual Glad is innervated by what nerve? Empties Where? How many openings?
CN VII
Floor of Oral Cavity Via many Openings
The Submandibular Gland is innervated by what nerve? Empties Where? How many openings?
CN VII
Lateral to the frenulum at the sublingual caruncle
One duct
The Parotid Gland is innervated by what nerve? Empties where? How many openings?
CN IX
Empties into vestibule opposite second upper molar
One duct- parotid papilla
Sensory to the cheek of the mouth
CN V3- buccal n.
Sensory to lower lip of the mouth
CN V3- mental n.
Sensory to upper lip of mouth
CNV2 - infraorbital n.
Vestibule of mouth sensory innervation
CNV3 buccal n.
Floor below tongue sensory innervation
CN V3 Lingual n.
Roof of mouth (hard palate)
CN V2 Greater Palatine N.
Drug delivery uses
Deep Lingual Vein
Geniohyoid Innervation
C1
Mylohyoid Sensory Innervation
CNV3 lingual
Pit In center of Sulcus Terminalis? What does it lead to?
Foramen Secum. Opening of the thyroglossal duct.
Valllate Papilla Taste buds are innervated by
CN IX
Fungiform Papilla Tastebuds are innervated by
CN VII
Foliate Papilla Taste buds are innervated by
CN VII
Filliform Papilla
no taste buds
Posterior 1/3 of tongue innervation for 1) sensory 2) taste
1) Glossopharyngeal
2) Glossopharyngeal
Anterior 2/3 of tongue innervation for 1)sensory 2)taste
1)Lingual Nerve of CV3
2)Chorda tympani of CVII
3 Extrinsic Tongue Muscles? All innervated by?
styloglossus, genioglossus, hypoglossus

XII Hypoglossal N.
Function of the Styloglossus
Retract tongue
Function of the Genioglossus
Protract tongue
Function of the hypoglossus
Depress tongue
What do intrinsic tongue muscles do?
Flatten, Curl, Point
In a CXII lesion which side would the tongue deviate towards?
The affected side.
Structures Lateral to hypoglossal muscle?
Lingual N.
Submandibular Ganglion
Submandibular Duct
Hypoglossal N.
Structure Medial To Hyoglossal muscle
Lingual Artery
If you knocked out facial nerve
You would lose facial expression, posterior belly of diagastric, and stylohyoid. You wouldn't be able to close eye and corner of mouth would droop
If you knocked out chorda tympani
deficit would be taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue
If you knocked out lingual
deficit would be sensory for anterior 2/3 of tongue
If you knocked out the place where the chorda tympani and lingual meet
deficit would be sensory and taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue
If you took facial out prior to the stylomastoid foramen
deficit would be facial expression, cant close eye, droopy corner of mouth, taste and sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue
If you took out the greater petrossal nerve
deficit would be lacrimation and mucous membranes could not secrete
If you took out Facial Nerve at the Internal Acoustic Meatus
You would lose everything of CN 7.
Your superior laryngeal splits into
Internal laryngeal
External laryngeal
Internal laryngeal gives what type of innervation
sensory to larynx above vocal folds
External laryngeal gives what type of innervation
motor to cricothyroid
Inferior laryngeal gives what type of innrvation
motor and sensory
Recurrent Laryngeal gives what type of innervation
motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid) and sensory to larynx below the vocal folds
Vestibule is covered with what mucous membrane
Quadragualar Membrane
Vesitbule's innervation
sensory from internal laryngeal nerve
Infraglottic Compartment is covered in what type of mucous membrane?
Conus Elasticus
What is the infraglottic compartment's innervation?
sensory from inferior laryngeal n.
Cough Reflex innervation
CN X (Vagus) afferent and efferent
Cricothyroid is innervated by and functions in
External laryngeal

Tenses vocal folds
Posterior Cricoarytenoid is innervated by and functions in
Inferior laryngeal

Abduct vocal ligaments
Lateral cricoarytenoid is innervated by and functions in
Inferior laryngeal

Adducts the vocal ligaments
Thyroarytenoid is innervated by and functinos in
Inferior laryngeal

Relaxes the vocal ligaments
Vocalis muscle is
the most medial fibers of the thyroarytenoid that is responsible for relaxing a portion of the vocal ligament which is responsible for change in pitch.
Transverse arytenoid is innervated by and functions in
Inferior laryngeal

Adducts vocal ligaments
Oblique arytenoid is innervated by and functions in
Inferior laryngeal n.

Adducts vocal ligaments
Aryepiglottic m. is innevated by and functions in
Inferior laryngeal n.

Closes the vestibule
Your thyrohyoid membrane is at what level
C4
Your thyroid cartilage is at what level?
C5
Your cricoid cartilage is at what level
C6
Your nasopharynx is located
Above your soft palate
Your oropharynx is located
Below soft palate and above epiglottis
Laryngopharynx is located
below epiglottis and above cricoid cartilage
Larynx is located
between epiglottis and cricoid cartilage in front of the larygopharynx
Layers of the pharayngeal wall
1. Mucous Membrane- epithelial cells
2. Submucosa
3. Pharyngobasilar fasia- inner layer of deel fascia of muscles
4. Muscular layer- inner longitudinal layer & outer circular layer
5. Buccal pharyngeal fasia- outer layer of deep fasia muscles.
5.
What innervates your nasopharynx?
Sensory CNV2 -maxillary
What innervates your oropharynx?
Sensory CN IX- Glossopharyngeus
What innervates your laryngopharynx?
Sensory X- Vagus
Where is your retropharyngeal space?
Behind your pharynx between your buccopharyngeal and alar fascia
Danger Zone - zones where an infection can get into and split all layers all the way to the thoracic cavity is located between
Alar Fascia and Prevertebral Fascia
Your true pretracheal fascia includes
both alar and buccopharyngeal fascia
Superior constrictor is innervated by
CN X Vagus
Your stylopharyngeus is innervated by
CN IX
Your middle constrictor is innervated by
CN X Vagus
Salpingopharyngeus is innervated by
CN X Vagus
Palatopharyngeus is innervated by
CN X- Vagus
The superior constrictor is
above the stylopharyngeus musclse
The middle constrictor is
at the hyoid prominence
The inferior constrictor is
under the hyoid prominence
Nasopharynx's sensory
CN V2- maxillary
Levator veli palatini is innervated by and function to
CN X- vagus

Elevate the soft palate
Muscularis uvulae is innervated by
CNX- vagus
Tensor veli palatini (shiny white tendon--for lab) is innervated by and functions to
CN V3- Mandibular

Tenses soft palate
Salpingopharyngeus is innervated by
CN X vagus
Palatopharngeus is innervated by
CN X vagus
Either side of the epiglottis is called
????
Palatoglossus m. is innervated by
CN X-vagus
Gag Reflex innervation
Afferent CN IX
Efferet CN X
Tonsilar Ring used in protection from foreign bodies
Waldyer's ring
Waldyer's ring is composed of and drains to
1. Lingual Tonsils
2. Palatine Tonsils
3. Pharyngeal Tonsils

Superior group of deep cervical nodes (associated w/carotid sheath)
Blood Supply to Pharynx of External Carotid
Ascending Pharyngeal
Facial
Maxillary
Superior Thyroid
Blood Supply to pharynx of subclavian
Inferior Thyroid
Prevertebral Region is located
behind the pharynx
Prevertebral Muscles include:
longus capitas, longus colli, anterior, middle, and inferior scalenes
Prevertebral Muscles are covered by 1) and innervated by 2)
1. prevertebral fascia
2. cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
Styloglossus is innervated by
CNXII
Stylohyoid is innervated by
CN VII
Posterior Belly of Digastric and Stylohyoid are innervated by
CN VII Facial
Above the Superior Cervical Gangilion is referred to as
Internal Carotid Nerve
Below the Superior Cervical Ganglion
Sympathetic Trunk
Pharyngeal Plexus Innervates 1) and is made up of 2)
1) constrictor muscles
2) CN X-vagus Motor
CN IX- glossopharyngeal- sensory
Nerve to Carotid Body and Sinus is innervated by
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
Carotid Body contains
Chemoreceptors for high CO2 levels and Low O2 levels
Carotid Sinus contains
baroreceptors for high pressure
Carotid Reflex
Sensory -glossopharyngeal CNIX
Motor- vagus X
The infratemporal fossa is found where
Behing the ramus of the mandible and zygomatic arch
What are the contents of the infratemporal arch?
Maxillary Artery - Middle Meningeal Artery, Inferior Aveolar Artey, Sphenopalatine Artey, & Infraorbital Artey
Mandibular Nerve (CNV3)
Muscles of Mastication -lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid
What does the sphenopalatine artey supply?
The nasal chamber
What does the infraorbital artery supply?
The upper teeth and maxillary region of face
What does the inferior aveolar artery supply?
The lower teeth and mandibular region of face
Anatomical landmark of the middle meningial artery
Passes between two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve
The sphenopalatine fossa is made up of and contains
Made up of : Lateral pterygoid plate of the greater wing of the spehnoid & palatine bone of the hard palate.

Contains the sphenopalatine foramen which contains the shenopalatine artery.
Branches of Mandibular and their functions:
Deep Temporal Nerves- motor
Auriculotemporal N- ssensory to TMJ and face in front of ear
Inferior Aveolar- Sensory to lower teeth and madibular region of face
N. to mylohyoid- motor to mylohyoid
Lingual- Sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue
Buccal- sensory to buccal region inside and outside of mouth
Terminal branch of inferior aveolar
Mental N.
Foramina of the Infratemporal Fossa (2) and what they contain
Foramen Ovale- CNV3, Otic ganglion
Foramen Spinosum-middle meningeal artery
Important landmark in the infratemporal fossa: the lingual nerve and inferior aveolar nerve run over which muscle?
Medial Pterygoid Muscle
Functions of the auriculotemporal nerve:
Carries sensory to the TMJ, sensory to the face in front of the ear, and it carries postganglionic parasympathetic nerves from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland.
Parasympathetics to the parotid gland
CN IX, tympanic br., tympanic plexus, lesser pertrousal n., OTIC ganglion, auriculotemporal n., parotid gland
Sympathetics to the parotid gland
T1T1, SCG, Superficial temporal artery, parotid gland
Chorda tympani (branch of facial) functions
Joins lingual, carries taste fibers to anterior 2/3 or tongue as well as carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion
Your muscles of mastication function are to
Act on the TMJ (innervated by mandibular N)
Masseter muscle functions to
occlude the jaw
Temporalis muscle functions to
Retract and occlude the jaw
Lateral Pterygoid functions to
Open the mouth
Medial Pterygoing functions to
Close the mouth, side to side grinding
Anything associated with the trigeminal branch uses what ganglion?
Semilunar
End of the spinal cord is called 1) and ends at 2)
1.Conus Medularis
2. L2
Dorsal & Ventral Rootlets are covered in
Pia Mater only
Dorsal & Ventral Roots are covered in
All three layers
Termination of the dura-arachnoid sleeve is at
S2
Area that contains CSF
subarachnoid space
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexus, (2) lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles
Cerebral Aqueduct connects
3rd and 4th ventricles
Where would you do a spinal tap?
Below Conus Medullaris (L2) at about the level of the iliac crest (L4). In the cauda equina in subarachnoid space (with CSF)
Vertebral column and spinal column are very vascular and consists of:
Verterbral arteries, subclavian artery, posterior intercostal arteries, anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal arteries, lumbar arteries, and lateral sacral arteries
Horner's Syndrome is caused by 1) and consists of 2)
1) Loss of sympathetics to head
2) constricted pupil, flushing of face (dilated blood vessels), ptosis(drooping of upper eyelid), anhydrosis (dryness)
Normal Sympathetic response to head:
Dialation of pupils
Constriction of blood vessels
Smooth muscle helps elevate upper eye lid
Sweating
Muller's Muscle is caused by and consists of
1) Loss of sympathetics
2)Drooping of upper eye lid (ptosis)
Sympathetics in Orbit
T1T2, SCG, Opthalmic Artery,Short Cillary N., Dilator Pupil Muscle
Cell bodies for postganglionic sympathetics in the eye are located
SCG
Parasympathetics to Eye
Inferior Div III, Cillary Ganglion, Short Cillary N., Sphincter Papillae & Cillaris M.
Corneal Reflex (Blink Reflex)
Sensory- opthalmic (CN V1) to cornea

Motor- Facial (CNVII) to orbicularis oculi
All muscles in pharynx are innervated by vagus except 1) which is innervated by 2)
1) Stylopharyngeus
2) CN IX
Your superior constrictor origin is the
Pterygomandibular raphe
Boundary between Superior constrictor and Middle constrictor
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Inferior Constrictor is divided into
Thyropharyngeus and Cricopharyngeus
Muscles of soft palate, functions, and innervations
1) Levator veli palatin (X)-elevates soft palate
2)Muscularis uvulale (X)
3) Tensor veli palatine- (CV3) tenses soft palate
Muscles inside pharynx with innervation:
Salpingopharyngeus (X)
Palatopharyngeus (X)
Gag Reflex
Sensory IX
Motor X
Pharyngeal tonsils are located in the
pharyngeal recess
Palatine tonsils are located
In between palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus
Oro- and Naso Pharynx Tonsils
Pharyngeal Tonsils
Palatine Tonsils
Lingual Tonsils
What two nerves contribute to the pharyngeal plexus
IX & X
Branches off CN IX go to
Stylopharyngeus
Nerve to the Carotid Body & Sinus
Anatomical Landmark for Occipital Artey
CN XII crosses it
Anatomical landmark for ascending pharyngeal
On posterior surface of middle and superior constrictors
The ptygeromaxillary fissure is the opening to the 1) which contains the 2) which contains the 3) which has seven things
1) Pterygopalatine Fossa
2) Ptyerygopalatine Foramen
3) Maxillary N. (CV2)
Infraorbital Nerve
Nasal N.
Palatine N.
Nerve of the Pterygopalatine Canal
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Sphenopalatine Artery
Medial Pterygoid plate contains a
hamulus
Nerve of the pterygopalatine canal contains the
Greater Pertrosal n.
Deep Pertrosal n.
Major artery supplying blood to the nose
Sphenopalatine Artery
Parasympathetics to Lacrimal Gland
VII, Greater Pertrosal N, Nerve of Pterygopalatine Canal, Pterygopalatine Ganglion, Zygomatic N. Common Branch to Lacrimal N, Lacrimal Gland
External Acoustic Meatus is made up of
Outer 1/2 Cartilage and Inner 2/3 bone
External Acoustic Meatus is seperated from the inner ear by
the tympanic Membrane
Otitis Externus
swimmer's ear
Middle Ear is Aka
tympanic cavity
The middle ear is continuous with 2 regions
Mastoid Air Cells
Nasopharynx
Opens into the nasopharynx
auditory tube
Infection in your middle ear
Otitis medius
Ausicles of your middle ear:
Incus
Stapes
Malleus
Roof of Middle Ear is made up of
Petrous Part of Temporal Bone
Middle Cranial Fossa
Temporal Lobe of the Brain
The Floor of your middle ear contains
Internal Jugular Vein
Anterior Wall of your ear
Tensor tympanic m (CNV3)
Auditory Tube
Internal Carotid Artery
Middle Ear Lateral Wall
Facial Nerve (in roof)
Chroda tympani (VII)
Tympanic Membrane
Malleus
Middle Ear Posterior Wall
Aditus to the mastoid antrum
Stapedius m. (VII)
Facial nerve canal
Middle Ear Medial Wall
Promontory- represents cochlea in inner ear
Inner Ear Contents
Semicircular Canal
Vestibule
Cochlea
Semicircular Canal functions in
Balance
Vestibule contains 1) which is responsible for 2) which is innervated by 3)
1) vestibular ganglion
2)sensory neurons for balance
3) CN VIII
Cochlea contains 1) which is responsible for 2) which is innervated by 3)
1) spiral ganglion
2)sensory neurons for hearing
3) CN VIII
OFF OF FACIAL...
1) Geniculate ganglion is responsible for
2) Greater Petrosal N. is responsible for
3) Chorda Tympani is responsible for
1) sensory neuron cell bodies- taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue
2) pregang. parasympathetics to the ptergyopalatine ganglion for lacrimation
3)taste fibers from anterior 2/3 of tongue to the submandibular ganglion
Tensor tympani m. functions and is innervated by
functions to dampen lound sound waves and is innervated by CNV3
Geniculate Ganglion is associated with
taste from chorda tympani
Your superficial temporal nerve drains your cavernous sinus via
emissary veins, superior sagittal, and sigmoid sinus, etc.
Cauda Equina is made up of
Dorsal and Ventral Rootlets of spinal nerves covered only in pia mater
Corneal Blink Reflex
Sensory (CNV1)
Motor (Facial CNVII)
Pharyngeal Plexus is made up of
CN IX and CNX
The posterior constrictor is innervated by
the external laryngeal nerve
Muscle that tenses the vocal cords
cricoartynoid
The sensory innervation that covers the piriform recess is
internal laryngeal n.
Which muscle of the pharynx is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve?
cricopharyngeus
Which of the pharynx muscles relaxes when stimulated?
cricopharyngeus
Greater Petrosal n is involved in
Carrying CNVII preganglionic parasympathetics to pterygopalatine ganglion
Deep Petrosal n is involved in
carrying postganglionic SYMPATHETICS to lacrimal gland
What nerve supplies the upper bridge of your nose?
Opthalmic Nerve CNV1
Cell bodies for nerves supplying general sensory to the nose?
Semilunar Ganglion
Cell bodies for nerves supplying taste to anterior 2/3 of your tongue?
Geniculate Ganglion