Anatomy Test 1

Front 1

Cut across long axis at right angle

Back 1

Traverse plane

Front 2

Passes lengthwise of the body, or limb. Divides body, or limb, into two equal halves

Back 2

Median (mid-sagittal)

Front 3

Towards the back

Back 3

Dorsal

Front 4

Towards the head

Back 4

Cranial

Front 5

Towards the tail

Back 5

Caudal

Front 6

Ventral

Back 6

Towards the belly

Front 7

Superior

Back 7

above

Front 8

Inferior

Back 8

below

Front 9

Parallel to the median

Back 9

Para-sagittal (sagittal)

Front 10

Toward the back (behind)

Back 10

Posterior

Front 11

Toward the front (forward)

Back 11

Anterior

Front 12

On the head

Back 12

Cephalic

Front 13

Toward the nose

Back 13

Rostral

Front 14

Toward the mouth

Back 14

Oral (aboral: opp)

Front 15

Bottom of front paw

Back 15

Palmar

Front 16

Bottom of back paw

Back 16

Plantar

Front 17

Towards the surface

Back 17

Superficial

Front 18

Away from the surface

Back 18

Deep

Front 19

Towards the middle of the body (midline)

Back 19

Proximal

Front 20

Away from the middle of the body (midline)

Back 20

Distal

Front 21

Longer than they are wide; have two epiphyses, one diaphysis, slightly curved for strength as levers

Back 21

Long bones

Front 22

Most of the bones (type) of the upper and lower extremities

Back 22

Long bones

Front 23

Nearly equal in length and width, mostly spongy bone, thing outer layer of compact bone, somewhat cube shaped, transfer forces in confined spaces,

Back 23

Short bones

Front 24

Carpals and Tarsals are this type of bones

Back 24

Short Bones

Front 25

Thin and broad, Two more or less parallel plates of compact bone are enclosing a layer of spongy bone. Ex. skull, ribs, scapula

Back 25

Flat bones

Front 26

Have complex, varied shapes, many surface markings for muscle attachment. Ex. vertebrae, sphenoid and ethmoid, and certain facial bones

Back 26

Irregular bones

Front 27

Contains medullary cavity with yellow marrow

Back 27

Diaphysis (shaft)

Front 28

Contains spongy bone with red marrow

Back 28

Epiphysis (proximal and distal)

Front 29

Epiphysis line/plate
Nutrient foramen and artery
Articular cartilage
Periosteum- inner osteogenic layer and outer osteogenic layer
Compact bone
Spongy bone

Back 29

Parts of a long bone

Front 30

Consists of the bones related to the axis of the body that protect and support the head, neck, and trunk: skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Back 30

Axial skeleton

Front 31

Consists of the bones of the thoracic and pelvic extremities and the girdles that anchor them; scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metcarpal bones, phalanges, sesamoid bones, ox coxae (illium, ischium, pubis) bony pelvis- pelvic girdle and sacrum, femur, fabella, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges, sesamoids

Back 31

Appendicular skeleton

Front 32

Os penis, Os cordis

Back 32

Visceral skeleton

Front 33

immovable articulations in which bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue

Back 33

Synarthroses

Front 34

found in the flat bones of skulls (articulation)

Back 34

sutures

Front 35

spike of a bone fits into a socket (teeth set within the alveoli) (articulation)

Back 35

gomphoses

Front 36

the bones are held together by hyaline cartilage (articulation) (Epiphysis of long bone)

Back 36

synchondroses

Front 37

slightly movable joints in which bones are united by cartilage

Back 37

aphiarthroses

Front 38

bones joined with fibrous interosseus ligaments

Back 38

syndesmoses

Front 39

fibrocartilage discs between bones (symphysis pubis)

Back 39

symphyses

Front 40

freely movable joints

Back 40

Diarthroses

Front 41

convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of the other (knee, elbow)

Back 41

hinge

Front 42

conical portion of one bone articulates with a depression of another (atlas/axis, radius/ulna)

Back 42

pivot

Front 43

flattened or slightly curve articulating surfaces (Intercarpal, intertarsal sliding)

Back 43

gliding

Front 44

oval condyle of one bone articulates with elliptical cavity of another (radius, carpals)

Back 44

elipsoid

Front 45

concave/and convex/ shaped surfaces of each articulating bone (carpal/metacarpals)

Back 45

saddle

Front 46

rounded, convex head of one bone articulates with the socket of another (hip, shoulder)

Back 46

ball-and-socket

Front 47

increase or decrease the joint angle produced by articulating bones

Back 47

angular

Front 48

movement that decreases the joint angle

Back 48

flexion

Front 49

movement that increases the joint angle

Back 49

extension

Front 50

movement away from the midline of the body

Back 50

abduction

Front 51

movement toward the midline of the body

Back 51

adduction

Front 52

one bone with an oval or rounded surface articulates with a bone with a corresponding cup or depression permitting circular movement

Back 52

circular

Front 53

movement of a bone around its own axis

Back 53

rotation

Front 54

palms are upward

Back 54

supination

Front 55

palms are downward

Back 55

pronation

Front 56

There are nine palmar -------- ------ and 4 nodular dorsal ------- --------

Back 56

sesamoid bones

Front 57

simple connective tissue sacs containing a viscous fluid and serving to reduce friction, usually located between a tendon, ligament, or muscle and a bony prominence

Back 57

bursae

Front 58

located around tendon passing through grooves of bone

Back 58

synovial sheath

Front 59

double layered elongated sheaths containing synovia that wrap tendons as the pass osseuos or fibrous grooves

Back 59

synovial sheath