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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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layers of a synovial joint
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(outside) -muscle/ligament
--fibrous joint capsule --synovial membrane --articular cartilage (inside) |
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ball and socket joint
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free range of motion
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ellipsoid joint
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movement in 2 ways
--fingers |
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hinge joint
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movement in 1 direction
--elbow, radius, ulna |
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saddle joint
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sits in deep depression, movement both ways
--thumb |
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pivot joint
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rotates.
--radius, pronate and supinate |
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plane joint
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bones are able to move. Gliding joints
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where do the nerves of brachial plexus come from?
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anterior rami
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when do arteries become veins?
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in capillaries
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characteristics of arteries
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thick, smooth muscle, rubbery
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characteristics of veins
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thin, passive, arterial pressure
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what is the lymphatic system
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system of vessels, tissue, and organs
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what are 2 functions of lymphatic system
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fluid balance
immunity |
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what are the lymph nodes for?
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filtering incoming fluid
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where are the axillary lymph nodes?
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upper limb, chest, abdomen
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characteristics of compact bone
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dense, very solid, on diathesis ends
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characteristics of spongy bone
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light, strong matrix of stuff, spaces filled with red marrow, on epiphasis ends (distal)
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what 2 kinds of bone marrow are in medullary (marrow) cavity?
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red and yellow
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where can red bone marrow be found?
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ribs, sternum, hip, skull, heads of long bone
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characteristics of yellow bone marrow
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fatty storage area, has ability to switch to red marrow b/c of low iron levels
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what is the periosteum
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--outer surface of bone for protection
--inner surface for creating new bone cells |
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what is endosteum
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lining of bones/internal canals
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what is intramembranous ossification
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when bones form from embrionic tissues
2 steps: mesenchyme tissue to bone |
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what is endochondral ossification
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cartilage becoming bone
3 steps: mesenchyme to bone to cartilage model(ossifies) |
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waht is the cartilaginous model?
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1st ossification
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what happens when epiphysis and diaphysis fuse?
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no more growth b/c there is no more growth plate
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what is osteoporosis?
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when there is more reabsorbtion and than production
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what are pathological fractures?
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weakening (sickness) of inside bone
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what is a stress fracture
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break due to outside force
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what is closed reduction
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when you have a cast, splint, immbolizing
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what is open reduction
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needs surgery, using rods and pins...re-assembling bone
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dislocations vs. separation
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dislocation: comes out of joint
separation: tear of ligament |
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sprain vs strain
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sprain: tear/stretch of ligament, hypermobility
strain: tear muscle |
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what is bursitis?
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inflammation of bursae b/c of repetitive motion
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what is pulled elbow
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radius popping out of joint
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waht is tommy john surgery/
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ulnar collateral lig reconstruction
--taking tendon or lig from other arm, drilling hole and inserting |
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what are idopathic and parathesia syndromes?
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ido: condition caused by many causes
parathesia: "asleep" tingling |
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what is the first layer on the flexor side of hand
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palmar aponeurosis
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what is osteoarthritis
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over-use or injury to joint
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what is rheumatoid?
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auto-immune disease, attacks joint
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what is arthritis
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inflammation of joint capsule and obstruction of art. cartilage
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6 functions of the skin
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protection
water balance vitamin D synthesis sensory input thermoregulation communication |
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eumalanin
pheonmelanin carotene hemoglobin |
dark brown
redish brown yellowish pinkish |
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freckles
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a concentration of melancytes
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moles
congenital moles |
raised concentration of melancytes on skin
--born with it |
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capillary hemangiomas:
cavernous hemangioma port-win stain: macular stain: |
--raised purple or red spot. gone at age 5
--tumor of capillaries, flat dull color --deep red/purple birth marks --light red, temp case = angel kisses |
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5 functions of hair
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insulation
protection sensory information indicator of sexual maturity |
