Anatomy Terminology - Lesson 2

Front 1

plasm/o, plasm-, -plasm

Back 1

the living substance of a cell; blood plasma

Front 2

cytoplasm

Back 2

the substance of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus

Front 3

plasmolysis

Back 3

shrinking of cytoplasm in a living cell caused by loss of water by osmosis

Front 4

chrom/o, chromat/o

Back 4

color

Front 5

chromosome

Back 5

thread-like structures in the nucleus that contain genes; forms a darkly-staining body during cell division

Front 6

hypochromia

Back 6

condition in which the percentage of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is below the normal range

Front 7

hyper-

Back 7

above normal, beyond, excessive

Front 8

hypertrophy

Back 8

increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to growth rather than tumer formation; increase in size results from an increase in cellular components (such as proteins), NOT from an increase in cell number

Front 9

-ase

Back 9

denotes an enzyme

Front 10

cholinesterase

Back 10

a family of enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of acycholines (e.g. acetylcholinesterase)

Front 11

lipase

Back 11

an enzyme capapble of catalyzing the hydrolysis of lipids

Front 12

reticul/o

Back 12

network

Front 13

reticulocyte

Back 13

an immature red blood cell with a network of precipitated basophilic material in the cytoplasm

Front 14

reticulum

Back 14

a network of tubules or blood vessels (e.g. endoplasmic reticulum)

Front 15

corpus, corpor/o, corpus-

Back 15

body

Front 16

extracorporeal

Back 16

outside the body

Front 17

corpus

Back 17

the principle part of any organ; any mass or body

Front 18

corpuscle

Back 18

1. any small rounded body
2. an encapsulated sensory nerve ending

Front 19

hydr/o

Back 19

water

Front 20

hydrocephalus

Back 20

condition marked by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the vetricles of the brain; somethimes the accumulated fluid leads to increased intracranial pressure

Front 21

lip/o

Back 21

fat or lipid

Front 22

hyperlipemia

Back 22

the presence of an abnormally high concentration of fats in the blood; also hyperlipidemia

Front 23

poly-

Back 23

many

Front 24

polychromatophilic

Back 24

pertaining to the property of staining readily with acid, neutral, and basic dyes, especially certain red blood cells

Front 25

polyphagia

Back 25

excessive eating, in multiple sittings

Front 26

-lytic

Back 26

pertaining to that which causes lysis or to the process of lysis

Front 27

hemolytic

Back 27

relating to that which is destructive to red blood cells

Front 28

thrombolytic

Back 28

describing an agent that breaks up blood clots

Front 29

erythr/o

Back 29

red

Front 30

erythrocyte

Back 30

a red blood cell

Front 31

-plasia

Back 31

process of cellular multiplication, formation

Front 32

hyperplasia

Back 32

the increased production and growth of normal cells (not tumor cells) in a tissue or organ, resulting in an abnormal increase in size of the tissue or organ (e.g. increase in breast size during pregnancy)

Front 33

phag/o, -phagy, -phagia, -phage

Back 33

eating, devouring

Front 34

phagocytosis

Back 34

the process of ingestion and digestion of solid substances (e.g. bacteria or particulate matter) by cells

Front 35

hyperphagia

Back 35

overeating, in a single sitting

Front 36

-emia, -cemia

Back 36

blood

Front 37

anemia

Back 37

any condition in which the red cell count, hemoglobin level, and/or hematocrit are less than normal

Front 38

-plasty

Back 38

process of shaping, or the surgical formation of a structure or part

Front 39

chondroplasty

Back 39

reparative or plastic surgery of cartilage

Front 40

rhinoplasty

Back 40

plastic surgery to change the shape or size of the nose

Front 41

-lysis

Back 41

process of breaking down, decomposing, or loosening

Front 42

hemolysis

Back 42

destruction of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin into the surrounding medium

Front 43

ton/o

Back 43

tone, tension

Front 44

atony

Back 44

relaxation, flaccidity, or lack of tone or tension

Front 45

-cle, -ule, -ole, -cule

Back 45

diminutive, small in size

Front 46

corpuscle

Back 46

a small rounded body, esp. a blood cell

Front 47

venule

Back 47

a tiny vein that drains blood from capillaries

Front 48

arteriole

Back 48

a tiny artery that takes blood into capillaries

Front 49

leuk/o, leuc/o

Back 49

white

Front 50

leukocyte

Back 50

a white blood cell

Front 51

leukoderma

Back 51

an absence, either partial or total, or pigment in the skin

Front 52

-trophy

Back 52

nourishment, development, growth

Front 53

atrophy

Back 53

wasting away of a normally developed organ or tissue due to degeneration of cells caused by undernourishment, lack of use, or aging

Front 54

hypo-

Back 54

below normal, under, deficient, beneath

Front 55

hypotonic

Back 55

1. describes a solution having a lower osmotic pressure than another solution
2. state of muscle having less tension than normal

Front 56

hypoxia

Back 56

an oxygen deficiency, short of anoxia; decrease below normal levels of O2 in inspired air

Front 57

iso-

Back 57

equal

Front 58

isotonic

Back 58

1. describes a solution having the same osmotic pressure as another solution
2. having equal tension
3. type of muscular contraction in which shortening occurs while tension remains unchanged

Front 59

oxy-, ox/i

Back 59

sharp, acid, acute, or oxygen

Front 60

anoxia

Back 60

absence of oxygen from inspired gases, arterial blood, or tissues; often used incorrectly to indicate hypoxia

Front 61

oxidation

Back 61

1. process of combining oxygen with a substance
2. loss of electrons in an atom, accompanied by increase in postive valance

Front 62

gluc/o

Back 62

glucose

Front 63

glucogenic

Back 63

giving rise to or producing glucose

Front 64

glucometer

Back 64

a device used to measure levels of glucose in the blood, usually sampled by sticking the finger

Front 65

mono-

Back 65

single, one, alone

Front 66

monocyte

Back 66

a type of white blood cell that is relatively large and contains a single oval-shaped nucleus; also called a mononuclear leukocyte

Front 67

monoclonal

Back 67

arising from a single cell

Front 68

hem/o, hemat/o

Back 68

blood

Front 69

hematology

Back 69

the study of blood and blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them

Front 70

dys-

Back 70

difficult, painful, bad

Front 71

dysphagia

Back 71

condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful

Front 72

dysplasia

Back 72

condition of abnormal tissue development

Front 73

a-, an-

Back 73

without, lack, no

Front 74

acardia

Back 74

congenital absence of the heart

Front 75

apnea

Back 75

temporary cessation of breathing

Front 76

anosmia

Back 76

a loss of the sense of smell

Front 77

anoxemia

Back 77

insufficient oxygenation of the arterial blood

Front 78

som/a, somat/o, -some

Back 78

body

Front 79

somatic

Back 79

relating to the trunk, the wall or the body cavity, or to the body in general

Front 80

lysosome

Back 80

membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle which contains lydrolytic enzymes

Front 81

glyc/o

Back 81

sweet, sugars in general

Front 82

glycolipid

Back 82

a lipid containing a sugar molecule found in the myelin sheath of nerves

Front 83

glycolysis

Back 83

the energy-yielding conversion of glucose to 2 pyruvic acid molecules in cells