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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Trapezius: actions
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elevates (upper), retracts (middle), depresses scapula (lower); upper and lower together upwardly rotates the scapula during abduction of the arm
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trapezius: Innervation
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spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
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lesion of accessory nerve results in
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inability to shrug the shoulder and difficulty raising the arm above the horizontal level
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paralysis of the trapezius muscle allows
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the shoulder to droop, predisposing to subluxation of the shoulder joint
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Trapezius: blood supply
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superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery
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latissimus dorsi: actions
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extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; also acts through the humerus to depress the shoulder
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Latissimus dorsi: innervation
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thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
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latissimus dorsi is important clinically because
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it can act through the humerus to depress the shoulder, lifting the body when walking with axillary crutches or when moving oneself into or from a wheelchair
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latissimus dorsi: blood supply
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thoracodorsal artery
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levator scapulae: actions
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elevates the scapula and helps rotating scapula downward
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Levator scapulae: innervation
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Segmentally innervated by spinal nerves C3-4 and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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levator scapulae: blood supply
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dorsal scapular artery
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rhomboid major and minor: actions
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retract the scapula and rotate it downward
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rhomboid major and minor: innervation
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dorsal scapular nerve
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rhomboid major and minor: blood supply
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dorsal scapular artery
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deltoid: action
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abducts arm (after first 15 degrees)
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deltoid: innervation
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axillary nerve (C5-6)
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deltoid: action of clavicular part
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flexes and medially rotates the arm
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deltoid: action of acromial part
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abducts the arm
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deltoid: action of scapular part
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extends and laterally rotates the arm
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rotator cuff consists of which muscles
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supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
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supraspinatus: origin
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supraspinous fossa
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supraspinatus: insertion
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greater tubercle of the humerus
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supraspinatus: actions
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initiates abduction of the arm (first 15 degrees) and helps hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
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supraspinatus: innervation
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suprascapular nerve (C5-6) after passing through the suprascapular notch
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which rotator cuff muscle is most frequently torn
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supraspinatus
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supraspinatus: blood supply
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suprascapular artery
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what happens when the suprascapular nerve gets entrapped at the suprascapular foramen?
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results in paresis and atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
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what happens when the suprascapular nerve is compressed at the spinoglenoid notch
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paresis and atrophy of only the infraspinatus muscle
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infraspinatus: origin
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infraspinous fossa
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infraspinatus: insertion
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greater tubercle of the humerus
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infraspinatus: actions
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lateral rotation of the arm; helps hold the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity
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infraspinatus: innervation
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suprascapular nerve (C5-6) after passing through the spinoglenoid notch of scapula
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infraspinatus: blood supply
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suprascapular artery
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teres minor: origin
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middle 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
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teres minor: insertion
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greater tubercle of humerus
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teres minor: action
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lateral rotation of the arm; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
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teres minor: innervation
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axillary nerve (C5-6)
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due to its much smaller physiologic cross sectional area, paralysis of the ______ results in relatively little weakness in lateral rotation of the arm compared to paralysis of the infraspinatus
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teres minor
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subscapularis: origin
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subscapular foss
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subscapularis: insertion
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lesser tubercle of humerus
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subscapularis: action
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medial rotation of arm; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
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subscapularis: innervation
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upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-7)
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teres major: origin
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lower 1/3 of the lateral border and inferior angle of scapula
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teres major: insertion
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crest of the lesser tubercle
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teres major: action
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adducts, medially rotates, and extends the arm
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teres major: innervation
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lower subscapular nerve (C5-7)
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why is the teres major not a rotator cuff muscle?
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not in close relation with the shoulder cuff/capsule. does not have any function in stabilizing the joint
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sternum consists of
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manubrium, body, xiphoid process
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sternum has 3 palpable landmarks
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jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphoid process
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