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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Trapezius: actions
elevates (upper), retracts (middle), depresses scapula (lower); upper and lower together upwardly rotates the scapula during abduction of the arm
trapezius: Innervation
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
lesion of accessory nerve results in
inability to shrug the shoulder and difficulty raising the arm above the horizontal level
paralysis of the trapezius muscle allows
the shoulder to droop, predisposing to subluxation of the shoulder joint
Trapezius: blood supply
superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery
latissimus dorsi: actions
extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; also acts through the humerus to depress the shoulder
Latissimus dorsi: innervation
thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
latissimus dorsi is important clinically because
it can act through the humerus to depress the shoulder, lifting the body when walking with axillary crutches or when moving oneself into or from a wheelchair
latissimus dorsi: blood supply
thoracodorsal artery
levator scapulae: actions
elevates the scapula and helps rotating scapula downward
Levator scapulae: innervation
Segmentally innervated by spinal nerves C3-4 and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
levator scapulae: blood supply
dorsal scapular artery
rhomboid major and minor: actions
retract the scapula and rotate it downward
rhomboid major and minor: innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
rhomboid major and minor: blood supply
dorsal scapular artery
deltoid: action
abducts arm (after first 15 degrees)
deltoid: innervation
axillary nerve (C5-6)
deltoid: action of clavicular part
flexes and medially rotates the arm
deltoid: action of acromial part
abducts the arm
deltoid: action of scapular part
extends and laterally rotates the arm
rotator cuff consists of which muscles
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
supraspinatus: origin
supraspinous fossa
supraspinatus: insertion
greater tubercle of the humerus
supraspinatus: actions
initiates abduction of the arm (first 15 degrees) and helps hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
supraspinatus: innervation
suprascapular nerve (C5-6) after passing through the suprascapular notch
which rotator cuff muscle is most frequently torn
supraspinatus
supraspinatus: blood supply
suprascapular artery
what happens when the suprascapular nerve gets entrapped at the suprascapular foramen?
results in paresis and atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
what happens when the suprascapular nerve is compressed at the spinoglenoid notch
paresis and atrophy of only the infraspinatus muscle
infraspinatus: origin
infraspinous fossa
infraspinatus: insertion
greater tubercle of the humerus
infraspinatus: actions
lateral rotation of the arm; helps hold the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity
infraspinatus: innervation
suprascapular nerve (C5-6) after passing through the spinoglenoid notch of scapula
infraspinatus: blood supply
suprascapular artery
teres minor: origin
middle 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
teres minor: insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
teres minor: action
lateral rotation of the arm; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
teres minor: innervation
axillary nerve (C5-6)
due to its much smaller physiologic cross sectional area, paralysis of the ______ results in relatively little weakness in lateral rotation of the arm compared to paralysis of the infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis: origin
subscapular foss
subscapularis: insertion
lesser tubercle of humerus
subscapularis: action
medial rotation of arm; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
subscapularis: innervation
upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-7)
teres major: origin
lower 1/3 of the lateral border and inferior angle of scapula
teres major: insertion
crest of the lesser tubercle
teres major: action
adducts, medially rotates, and extends the arm
teres major: innervation
lower subscapular nerve (C5-7)
why is the teres major not a rotator cuff muscle?
not in close relation with the shoulder cuff/capsule. does not have any function in stabilizing the joint
sternum consists of
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
sternum has 3 palpable landmarks
jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphoid process