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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is choledoclithiasis?
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stone in the common bile duct
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What is Cholangitis?
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inflammation in common bile duct
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What is Charcot's Triad?
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- three symptoms attributed to cholingitis 1. jaundice 2. right upper quadrant pain 3. fever
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What is the function of the ampulla of vater?
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- empties through the sphincter of oddi into the duodenum
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What is the portal triad?
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bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein
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What is the sequence of evaluation when examining the abdomen?
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IAPP (inspection, ausculation, percussion, palpation)
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What is the most common etiology of gastric ulcer?
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H. Pylori
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What typically causes pain in the bowel?
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stretch fibers (as in gas) typically cause pain in the bowel
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Right Upper quadrant pain in a fat, fertile, 40 y/o female is most likely due to what condition?
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cholecystitis
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What is the name of the suspensory ligament that separtes the duodenum from the jejunum?
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Ligament of Treitz
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Why is cryptorchidism?
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failure of the testis to desend into the scrotum within 3 months after birth
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What is pyrosis?
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substernal pain or buring sensation usually associated with regurgitation of gastric acid into the esophagus
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What is the most common origin of pain in the left upper quadrant?
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stomach
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What muscles squeeze urine from the male urethra at the end of micturation?
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bulbospongiosus muscle
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Which organ passes between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery?
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duodenum
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What percentage of gallstones are visible on an abdominal Xray?
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15%
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What percentage of kidney stones are visible of an abdominal Xray?
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90%
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What is the most common location of pain from diverticulitis?
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Left lower quadrant
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What is guarding?
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- involuntary spasms of the abdominal muscles - the body's attempt to protect the viscera from pressure
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What is the most common cause of appendicitis?
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Fecolith
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People who get appendicitis are usually within what age range?
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15-30 years old
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A pregnant patient with appendicitis can have pain in which area?
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Right upper quadrant
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What are the three major branches of the aorta that supply the gut?
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celiac trunk, superior & inferior mesenteric arteries
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What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction?
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adhesions
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What is an important presentation of ischemic bowel (or mesenteric ischemia)?
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- Pain out of proportion to the exam - patient will have present with pain, but no pain on palpation
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What are the 2 types of perotinitis?
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primary and secondary perotinitus
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What is McBurnie's point?
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- the most common area of pain and tenderness for appendicitis - located 2/3 between the umbilical and ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
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What is Murphy's sign?
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- pain from cholecystitis after deep inspiration - the clinician has their hand under the inferior portion of the costal margin. When the patient takes a deep breath, the diaphragm moves down, pushing the liver, which pushes the gallbladder into the clinician's finger
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What is the iliosoas sign?
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- the patient is supine and they raise their right leg against pressure - if the patient has pain in the RLQ, the iliacus and psoas muscle put pressure on the appendix causing pain
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What is the obturator sign?
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- the patient is supine and bend the patient knee at 90° - knee is rotated inward - obturator muscle puts pressure on the appendix, causing pain
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What is one method of differentiating the small intestine from the large intestine on xray?
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- the large intestine will have the free taenia (taenia libera), which is the line that runs down the middle of the large intestine
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What two branches flow into the common bile duct?
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the cystic duct (from the gallbladder) and the hepatic duct (from the liver)
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What is a common cause of pneumoperitoneum?
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perforated bowel
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What is the cremaster reflex?
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tickle the thigh and the testicles rise
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What is the difference between a direct and indirect inguinal hernia?
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- Direct hernia go directly through the abdominal wall - Indirect hernia go through the inguinal canal
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What 3 landmarks form Hesselback's Triangle?
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Rectus abdominus muscle, inferior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament
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What tissue does the ureter go through in the penis?
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corpus spongiosum
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What is hypospadias?
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a congenital anomaly where the external opening of the urethra is on the ventral part of the glans
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What are the different parts of the fallopian tube from ovary to uterus?
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fimbriae » infundibulum » ampulla » isthmus » uterine part
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Why does appendicitis sometimes present as periumbilical pain?
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the afferent fibers from the appendix enter the spinal cord at the T10 level, which is the area of skin supplied by cutaneous nerves around the umbilicus
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What is rebound tenderness?
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when the patient has pain after the physician releases pressure on the abdomen
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What is the most common hiatal hernia?
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a sliding hiatal hernia, where the esophagus moves freely through the hiatus
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What is spermatocele?
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a retention cyst, or collection of fluid, in the epididymis
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