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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do the tarsal glands do? |
lubricate the eye |
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where are the ciliary glands located? |
between eyelashes |
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what are the accessory structures of the eye? |
eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva,lacrimal apparatus,eye muscles |
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what is conjunctiva ? |
membrane that lines eyelids |
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where is conjunctiva connected do? |
surface of the eye |
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what does conjunctiva secrete ? |
mucus to lubricate eye |
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what does the lacrimal apparatus produce? |
tears |
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what does the lacrimal gland produce? |
lacrimal fluid |
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where does lacrimal fluid drain from? |
lacrimal canals |
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what provides a passage of lacrimal fluid towards the nasal cavity? |
lacrimal sac |
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where does lacrimal fluid empty into? |
nasolacrimal duct |
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what are the functions of the lacrimal apparatus? |
protects, moistens and lubricates eye and empties into the nasal cavity |
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what properties are apart of the lacrimal fluid? |
lysozyme , and dilute salt solutions |
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what is lysozyme? |
an enzyme that destroys bacteria |
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what are the 3 layers of the wall of eyeball? |
fibrous layer, vascular layer and sensory layer |
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what structures are in the fibrous layer? |
sclera and cornea |
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what is the sclera? |
white connective tissue |
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what is the cornea? |
transparent anterior portion of sclera |
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what does the cornea do ? |
allows for light to pass through |
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what is the name of the vascular layer? |
choroid |
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what is the choroid? |
blood rich nutritive layer in the posterior of the eye |
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the choroid has a dark pigment that does what? |
prevents light from scattering |
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what is the ciliary body? |
smooth muscle attached to the lens |
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what does the iris do ? |
regulates light entering the eye |
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the iris gives what to the eye? |
color |
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what is the pupil? |
rounded opening in the iris |
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whats in the sensory layer? |
retina |
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the retina contains 2 layers called the ? |
outer pigmented layer and inner neural layer |
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what does the inner neural layer contain? |
photoreceptors |
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what are photoreceptors ? |
rods and cones |
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signals pass from photoreceptors via a two neuron chain called? |
bi polar neurons and ganglion cells |
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signals leave the retina toward the brain though the ? |
optic nerve |
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what is the optic disc? |
blind spot where optic nerves leave the eyeball |
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where are rods mostly found? |
towards the edges of the retina |
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what do rods allow? |
dim light and peripheral vision |
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rods perception is in??? |
gray tones |
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cones allow for what? |
detailed color vision |
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where are cones mostly found? |
in the center of retina |
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what is the fovea centralis ? |
area of retina with ONLY CONES |
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where are there NO photoreceptors? |
optic disc or blind spot |
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how many types of cones do we have? |
3 |
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what is the lens held in place by ? |
suspensory ligament attached to ciliary body |
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what are the chambers of the eye ? |
anterior AQUEOUS SEGMENT , posterior VITREOUS SEGMENT , |
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where is the aqueous segment and what does it contain? |
anterior to the lens and contains aqueous humor |
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where is the vitreous segment and what does it contain? |
posterior to the lens and contains vitreous humor |
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what is aqueous humor? |
watery fluid |
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where is aqueous humor found ? |
between the lens and cornea |
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what does aqueous humor help maintain ? |
intraocular pressure |
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where is aqueous humor reabsorbed through? |
it goes into the venous blood through the scleral venous sinus , or canal of Schlemm |
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what is vitreous humor ? |
gel like substance |
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what does vitreous humor do ? |
prevents eyeball from collapsing inward |
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what is accomodation ? |
when the lens must change shape to focus on close objects |
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what is the optic chiasma ? |
its where the optic nerves cross. fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of brain |
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what are optic tracts? |
they contain fibers from lateral side of eye on the same side and the medial side of opposite eye |
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what is emmetropia? |
when eye focuses images correctly on retina |
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what is myopia? |
nearsighted . when distant objects appear blurry. when eyeball is too long LOL |
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hyperopia ? |
farsighted. near objects are blurry while distant are clear. eyeball is too short |
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astigmatism?? |
images are blurry |
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what is the external ear involved in ? |
hearing |
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what are the structures of outer ear? |
auricle (pinna), external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) |
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where does the outer ear end? |
tympanic membrane |
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what are the bones of the tympanic cavity? |
malleus (hammer) incus (anvil) stapes (stirrup) |
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whata is the function of the tympanic cavity? |
to produce vibrations from malleus to anvil to stirrup then inner ear |
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the inner ear aka bony labyrinth is filled with ? |
perilymph (plasma like fluid ) |
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what are the names of the bony chambers within the temporal bone? |
cochlea,vestibule,semicircular canals |
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what is strabismus ? |
cross eye
(unequal pulls by external eye muscles ) |
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what is opthalmia neonatorum? |
conjunctivitis from gonorrhea |
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sour receptors ? |
acids |
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bitter receptors ? |
alkaloids |
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salty receptors |
metal ions |
