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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors effect the way a muscle exerts force at a joint (4)?
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Size
Shape Angle Insertion |
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How do muscles generally effect the joint they cross?
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Stabilize the joint
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What two bones form the shoulder girdle?
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Scapula and the clavicle
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The scapula and the clavicle articulate via what structure?
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Acromion
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What are the borders of the scapula?
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Superior angle
Medial border Axillary border Inferior angle |
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What is the first long bone to ossify? When?
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Clavicle in 5-6th week
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What type of bone formation does the clavicle undergo?
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Membraneous ossification
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What two joints are formed by the clavicle?
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Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular |
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What is the only bony attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton?
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Via the sternoclavicular joint
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At what rib does the lower margin of the scapula lay?
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Around rib 7-8
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What two ligaments form the coracoclavicular ligaments?
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trapezoid and conoid ligaments
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What ligaments form the Acromioclavicular joint?
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Coracoclavicular ligaments: trap and conoid
Coracoacromial ligament |
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What ligament forms the roof of the Acromioclavicular joint?
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Coracoacromial ligament
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At what joint does shoulder separation occur?
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Acromioclavicular joint
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At what joint does shoulder dislocation occur?
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Glenohumeral joint
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What fracture is common in a shoulder separation?
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Clavicular fracture in the middle and lateral thirds
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What ligaments are potentially damaged in a shoulder separation?
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Coracoclavicular ligaments
Coracoacromial ligaments |
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What ligaments stabilize the clavicle at the sternum?
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Sternoclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament |
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For the sternoclavicular joint, what movements occur on the vertical axis?
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protraction and retraction
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For the sternoclavicular joint, what movements occur on the AP axis?
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Elevation and depression
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For the sternoclavicular joint, what movements occur on the oblique axis?
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Medial and lateral rotation
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Movement of the inferior angle of the scapula define which type of movement?
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Medial and lateral rotation at the sternoclavicular joint
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What portion of the abduction potential of the shoulder takes place at the glenohumeral joint?
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120/180
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What portion of the abduction potential of the shoulder takes place at the sternoclavicular joint?
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60/180
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The split abduction of the shoulder between two joints is a 2:1 ratio called ...
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scapulohumeral rhythm
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What are the movements of the trapezius on the vertical axis?
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Retraction
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What are the movements of the trapezius on the AP axis?
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Upper and middle portions elevate
Lower portion depresses |
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What are the movements of the trapezius on the Oblique axis?
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Lateral rotation
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What supplies motor innervation to the trapezius?
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CN XI
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What supplies proprioceptive innervation to the trapezius?
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C3 and C4
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Where is the primary action of the Latissimus dorsi?
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At the Glenohumeral joint, but can assist in retraction and depression of the shoulder girdle at the sternoclavicular joint.
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What is the attactment and insertion of the latissimus dorsi?
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from the thoracolumbar fascia to the humerus
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What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?
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Powerful adductor and extensor of arm
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What is the nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi?
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thoracodorsal nerve
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What (3) superficial muscles act on the scapula?
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Trapezius
Levator scapulae Rhomboids |
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What is the action of the rhomboids?
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Retract and medially rotate scapula
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What is the nerve supply for the rhomboids?
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Dorsal scapular nerve
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What is the action of the levator scapulae?
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Elevates and medially rotates scapula
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What is the nerve supply for the levator scapulae?
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Dorsal scapular nerve
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What is the action of the pectoralis minor on the shoulder girdle?
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Depresses, protracts, and medially rotates the girdle
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What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?
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Medial pectoral nerve
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What supplies the innervation to the serratus anterior?
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Long thoracic nerve
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What is the action of the serratus anterior on the girdle?
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Depresses on the AP axis
Protracts on the vertical axis Laterally rotates on obliques axis |
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If you see "winging" in a patient, this might be a because of damage to what structure?
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Long thoracic nerve
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What muscles supply protraction at the SC joint (2)?
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Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor |
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What muscles supply retraction at the SC joint (2)?
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Trapezius (mid)
Rhomboids |
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What muscles supply elevation at the SC joint (3)?
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Trapezius (up)
Levator scapulae Rhomboids |
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What muscles supply depression at the SC joint (3)?
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Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor Trapezius (low) |
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What muscles supply medial rotation at the SC joint (3)?
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Pectoralis minor
Rhomboids Levator scapulae |
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What muscles supply lateral rotation at the SC joint (2)?
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Trapezius (all)
Serratus anterior |
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Arm movement occur at what joint?
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glenohumeral joint
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What rotation is allowed on the horizontal transverse axis of the GH joint?
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Flexion and extension
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What rotation is allowed on the horizontal AP axis of the GH joint?
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Abduction and adduction
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What rotation is allowed on the vertical axis of the GH joint?
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medial/lateral rotation
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What is the innervation of pectoralis major?
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Medial and lateral pectoral
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What is the action of the pectoralis major at the GH joint?
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Flexion
Adduction Medial rotation |
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What is the innervation of the deltoid?
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Axillary nerve
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What movements does the deltoid allow at the GH joint?
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Flexion: A
Extension: P Abduction: M Adduction: P/A Medial rotation: A Lateral rotation: P |
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What nerve innervates teres major?
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lower subscapular
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What nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?
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thoracodorsal nerve
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What movements does the latissimus dorsi allow at the GH joint?
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Extension
Adduction Medial rotation |
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The muscles of what (4) tendons form the rotator cuff?
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(SITS)
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis |
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What prevents the greater tubercle from hitting the acromion during humeral flexion or abduction?
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External rotation of the humerous
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What muscle is responsible for abduction of the rotator cuff?
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Supraspinatus
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What muscle is responsible for medial rotation of the rotator cuff?
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Subscapularis
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What muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the rotator cuff?
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Infraspinatus
Teres minor |
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What is the innervation and blood supply to the supra/infraspinatus?
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Suprascapular nerve and artery
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What is the innervation and blood supply to the teres minor?
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axillary nerve and post humeral circumflex artery
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What is the innervation and blood supply to the subscapularis?
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Upper and lower subscapular nerve
Circumflex scapular artery |
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What are the (4) blood supplies to the shoulder girdle?
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Dorsal scapular
Suprascapular Posterior circumflex humeral Circumflex scapular via the subscapular |
