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161 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are dermatomes?
- supplied by afferent fibers that represent a single spinal segment/nerve
The C4 dermatome innervates?
- the shoulder
The C5 dermatome innervates?
- lateral/radial side of arm
The C6 dermatome innervates?
- lateral radial side of forearm (including thumb)
The C7 dermatome innervates?
- middle three fingers and central palm
The C8 dermatome innervates?
- medial/ulnar side of the hand and forearm
The T1 dermatome innervates?
- medial/ulnar side of forearm and arm
The T2 dermatome innervates?
- ulnar side of arm and axillary floor (medial upper arm)
What 2 nerves innervate the medial side of the upper limb?
- Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
- medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
What 3 nerves innervate the lateral side of the upper limb?
- upper lateral cutaneous (off axillary)
- lower lateral cutaneous (off radial)
- lateral antebrachial cutaneous (continuation musculocutaneous)
What 2 nerves innervate the dorsal side of the upper limb?
- posterior cutaneous (off radial nerve)
- dorsal cutaneous nerve (off radial nerve)
Where do the superficial arms veins derive from?
- venous arch of the dorsum of the hand
Where does the cephalic vein travel?
- begins lateral/radial side off the venous arch
- ascends to the forearm at the antero-lateral aspect of the elbow
- terminates when it joins the axillary vein
Where does the basilic vein travel?
- begins medial/ulnar side off the venous arch
- ascends to antero-medial side at elbow
- joins brachial vein(s) and forms the axillary vein
Where is the median cubital vein formed?
- front of th eelbow
What does the median cubital vein connect?
- cephalic to basilic
What is the name of the nodes that filter all the lymph from the upper limbs?
- axillary nodes
What is the medial joint the clavicle participates in?
- sternoclavicular joint
What is the lateral joint the clavicle participates in?
- acromioclavicular
What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?
- body has a dorsal and costal/ventral surface
What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
- vertebral
- axillary/lateral
- superior
What does the superior border of the scapula have and what is seen in this?
- scapular notch
- suprascapular artery which is over the suprascapular nerve
What are the 3 angles of the scapula?
- superior
- inferior
- lateral
What is the name of the fossa on the lateral angle of the scaupla?
- glenoid fossa which is in the glenoid cavity (head of humerus)
What are the three fossae of the scapula that attach muscles with similar names?
- supraspinous
- infraspinous
- subscapular
Where is the coracoid process of the scapula?
- superior border between scapular notch and glenoid fossa
What muscle inserts at the coracoid process?
- pectoral minor
What is the medial joint the clavicle participates in?
- sternoclavicular joint
What is the lateral joint the clavicle participates in?
- acromioclavicular
What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?
- body has a dorsal and costal/ventral surface
What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
- vertebral
- axillary/lateral
- superior
What does the superior border of the scapula have and what is seen in this?
- scapular notch
- suprascapular artery which is over the suprascapular nerve
What are the 3 angles of the scapula?
- superior
- inferior
- lateral
What is the name of the fossa on the lateral angle of the scaupla?
- glenoid fossa which is in the glenoid cavity (head of humerus)
What are the three fossae of the scapula that attach muscles with similar names?
- supraspinous
- infraspinous
- subscapular
Where is the coracoid process of the scapula?
- superior border between scapular notch and glenoid fossa
What muscle inserts at the coracoid process?
- pectoral minor
Where is the greater tubercle?
- lateral portion of head of humerus
Where is the lesser tubercle?
- more medial portion of head of humerus
Where is the intertubercular sulcus?
- between the greater and lesser tubercle
What is the difference between an anatomical and surgical neck?
- anatomical: closer to humeral head
- surgical: further from humeral head, most often broken
What is the deltoid tuberosity
- point where deltoid inserts on humerus, bump
Where is the radial sulcus/groove?
- about halfway down the humerus on the posterior side
Where are the lateral and medial epicondyles?
- lateral: lateral portion of the end of the humerus
- medial: more medial portion of the end of the humerus
What are the ridges called associated with lateral and medial epicondyles?
- medial and lateral supracondhlar ridges
Where is the radial fossa?
- end of humerus lateral side
- near lateral epicondyles
Where is the coronoid fossa?
- end of humerus medial side
- near medial epicondyle
Where is the capitulum?
- bump at end of humerus
- just medial to lateral epicondyle
Where is the trochlea?
- bump at the end of humerus
- just medial to the medial epicondyle
Where is the olecranon fossae?
- giant 'hole' on posterior side of end of humerus superior to the medial/lateral epicondyles
What do the radial and coronoid fossae do?
- in full flextion prevents compressing the soft tissue
What does the olecranon fossae do?
- prevents compression in full extension
Is the radius on the lateral or medial side?
- lateral
What is the radial tuberosity?
- bump where the bicep inserts
Is the ulna on the lateral or medial side?
- medial
What is the olecranon process on the ulna?
- for olecranon fossae of humerus
What is the trochlear notch on the ulna?
- allows ulna to articulate with the humerus
What is the coronoid process on the ulna?
- allows articulation with humerus through coronoid fossae
What is the ulnar tuberosity for?
- where the brachialis inserts
What fascia covers the arm muscles?
- brachial fascia
What does the lateral and medial intermuscular septa separate?
- arm muscles into anterior (flexor muscles) and posterior (extending muscles) compartments
What can be found within the medial intermuscular septum?
- brachial vessels
- median nerve
- basilic vein
- medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
What are the 4 muscles that INSERT on the upper humerus?
1) pectoralis major
2) deltoid
3) latissimus dorsi
4) teres major
Where is the origin of the pectoralis major?
- WIDE
- medial clavicle
- sternum
- costal cartilages of ribs
- upper rectus sheath
Where does the pectoralis major insert?
- crest of greater tubercle)
What does the pectoralis major do?
- adducts arm
- medially rotates
What innervates the pectoralis major?
- medial pectoral nerves
- lateral pectoral nerves
What is the origin of teh deltoid?
- WIDE
- lateral 1/3 of clavicle
- lateral acromion
- crest of scapula spine
Where does the deltoid insert?
- deltoid tuberosity on humerus
What does deltoid muscle do
- abducts arm (strongly after 15 degrees)
What innervates the deltoid?
- axillary nerve
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
- WIDE
- spinous processes of lower TV
- spinous process of LV
- dorsum of sacrum
- iliac crest
- lower ribs
Where does latissimus dorsi insert?
- crest of lesser tubercle and intertubercular sulcus of humerus
What does the latissimus dorsi do?
- extends
- adducts
- medially rotates arm
What innervates the latissimus dorsi?
- thoracodorsal nerve (aka middle subscapular)
Where is the origin of the teres major?
- inferior angle and axillary/lateral border of scapula
Where does the teres major insert?
- crest of lesser tubercle
What does the teres major do?
- adducts
- medially rotates arm
What innervates the teres major?
- lower subscapular nerve
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?
1) supraspinatus
2) infraspinatus
3) teres minor
4) subscapularis
Where is the origin of the supraspinatus?
- supraspinatus fossa of scapula (above the spine, so smaller muscle)
Where does the supraspinatus insert?
- greater tubercle of humerus (highest point)
What does the supraspinatus muscle do?
- abducts arm (esp the first 15 degrees so helps deltoid)
What innervates the supraspinatus?
- suprascapular nerve (off upper trunk, C5 and 6)
Where is the origin of the infraspinatus?
- infraspinatus fossa of scapula (below spine of scapula, so larger muscle)
Where does the infraspinatus muscle insert?
- greater tubercle
What does the infraspinatus muscle do?
- laterally rotates arm
What innervates the infraspinatus?
- suprascapular nerve (same as supraspinatus)
Where is the origin of the teres minor?
- lateral/axillary border of the scapula (above teres major)
Where does the teres minor insert?
- greater tubercle (lowest point)
What does the teres minor do?
- laterally rotates arm
- stabilizes joint (head humerus against glynoid fossa)
What innervates the teres minor?
- axillary nerve
Where is the origin of the subscapularis?
- costal surface of scapula (subscapular fossa, touching ribs, so anteriorly very deep)
Where does the subscapularis muscle insert?
- lesser tubercle
What does the subscapularis muscle do?
- medially rotates arm
What innervates the subscapularis?
- upper and lower subscapular nerves (posterior cord)
What forms the quandrangular space?
- humerus
- teres major
- teres minor
- long head of triceps
What PASSES THROUGH the quadrangular space?
- posterior humeral circumflex vessels
- axillary nerve
What forms the triangular space?
- teres minor
- teres major
- long head of triceps
What can be SEEN through the triangular space?
- scauplar circumflex vessels
What forms the triangular interval?
- long head of triceps
- lateral head of triceps
- teres major
What can be SEEN through the triangular interval?
- radial nerve
- deep brachial vessels/ profunda brachial vessels
What are the 3 anterior muscles of the arm (all innervated by musculocutaneous)?
1) coracobrachialis
2) biceps brachii
3) brachialis
Where is the origin of the coracobrachialis?
- coracoid process (on lateral scapula)
Where is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?
- halfway down medial humerus
What does the corachobrachialis do?
- adducts arm
What innervates the coracobrachialis?
- musculocutaneous (lateral cord)
Where is the origin of the biceps brachii?
- long head: supraglenoid tubercle (above glenoid cavity on scapula)
- short head: coracoid process (on scapula, same place as coracobrachialis)
Where is the insertion of the biceps brachii?
- radial tuberosity
- some fibers directed mediallly (bicipital aponeurosis)
What does the biceps brachii do?
- flexes shoulder
- flexes forearm at elbow
- supinates forearm
What innervates the biceps brachii?
- musculocutaneous (lateral cord)
Wht is the origin of the brachialis?
- lower anterior half of humerus
Where does the brachialis insert?
- ulnar tuberosity (coranoid process)
What does the brachcialis do?
- flexes forearm at elbow
Where is the bracchialis in relation to the biceps brachii?
- deep to biceps
What is the 1 muscle of the posterior arm?
- triceps brachii
What is the origin of the triceps brachii?
- lateral head: posterior humerus
- long head: infraglenoid tubercle
- Medial head: between other 2
Where does the triceps brachii insert?
- olecranon process of ulna
What do the triceps do?
- extend forearm at elbow
- extend shoulder
What innervates the triceps?
- radial nerve
What is the cubital fossa?
- crook of the elbow
what forms the borders of the cubital fossa?
- lateral: brachioradialis
- medial: pronator teres
- imaginary base: lateral and medial epicondyles
Where is the origin of the brachioradialis?
- lateral supracondylar line of humerus (above lateral epicondyle)
Where does the brachioradialis insert?
- near styloid process of radius
What does the brachioradialis muscle do?
- flexes forearm at elbow
What innervates the brachioradialis?
- radial nerve
Where is the origin of the pronator teres?
- superficial head: from medial epicondyle of humerus
- deep head: coronoid process of ulna
Where does the pronator teres insert?
- midpoint of radial shaft
What does the pronator teres do?
- pronates forearm
What innervates pronator teres?
- median nerve (passes between 2 heads)
The brachial artery is a continuation of?
- axillary artery
Where does the brachial artery officially begin?
- lower border of teres major
What are the 3 branches off of the brachial artery?
1) profunda brachii/deep brachial artery
2) superior ulnar collateral artery
3) inferior ulnar collateral artery
What does the profunda brachii/deep brachial artery divide into?
- radial collateral artery
- middle collateral artery
Where does the radial collateral artery travel?
- with the radial nerve
- at the lateral epicondyle it anastomoses with the radial recurrent artery
Where does the middle collateral artery travel?
- with the nerve to the aconeus muscle
- inferior to the radial collateral artery
Where does the superior ulnar collateral artery travel?
- with ulnar nerve
- posterior to medial epicondyle
Where does the inferior ulnar collateral artery travel?
- with ulnar nerve
- anterior to medial epicondyle
At the elbow the brachial artery splits into?
- radial and ulnar artery
What are the 2 deep veins of the upper arm?
- brachial veins
- axillary vein
What joins to form the brachial vein?
- radial and ulnar veins
What does the brachial vein run with?
- brachial artery
Where is the axillary vein formed?
- lower border of teres major or subscapularis
Which nerves form the suprascapular?
- C5,6
What 2 muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
what part of the brachial plexus does the suprascapular nerve come off of?
- upper trunk
What nerves form the axillary nerve?
- C5,6
What 2 muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?
- teres minor
- deltoid
What part of the brachial plexus does the axillary nerve come off of?
- posterior cord
What nerves form the radial nerve?
- C5 through T1 (all)
What does the radial nerve innervate (area)?
- all muscles on dorsal/posterior side of arm and forearm
What part of the brachial plexus does the radial nerve come off of?
- posterior cord
What nerves form the musculocutaneous nerve?
- C5,6
What does the musculocutaenous nerve innervate?
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis (anterior muscles)
What part of the brachial plexus does the musculocutaneous nerve come off of?
- lateral cord
What nerves form the median nerve?
- C6 through T1
What does the median nerve innervate?
- 6 1/2 muscles in anterior forearm
-5 muscles in hand
What part(s) of the brachial plexus does the median nerve come off of?
- medial AND lateral cords
What nerves form the ulnar nerve?
- C8 and T1
What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
- 1 1/2 muscles in anterior forearm
- muscles in hand not supplied by median
What part of the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve come off of?
- medial cord