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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
oral cavity structures
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lip, buccal mucosa, alveolar ridge, oral tongue (anterior 2/3), floor of mouth, hard palate, and retromolar trigone
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larynx structures
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supraglottic larynx
glottic larynx subglottic laryns |
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hypopharynx structures
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pyriform sinuses and post criocoid area
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nasal cafity structures
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includes nasal vestibule
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nasopharynx structures
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borders are:
ant-ethmoid sinuses sup-sella tursica post- C1/Ct inf: oropharynx drain to retromolar nodes |
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oropharynx structures
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base of tongue, tonsilar fossa, soft palate, and uvula, and posterior oropharyngeal wall
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Waldyer's Ring
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palantine and lingual tonsils (oropharynx) and pharyngeal tonsils (nasopharyns)
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esophagous length
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23-25 cm
begins at C6 ends at T10-T11 |
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esophagous layers
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lamina propria
sobmucosa muscle (skeletal in first 1/3, smooth in last 1/3 and mixed in the middle) adventitia: connective tissue |
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parts of the stomach
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fundus, body, and pyloris
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curvatures of the stomach
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lesser curvature
greater curvature |
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lesser curvature of the stomach
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upper right of the stomach (medial)
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greater curvature of the stomach
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lower left curve of the stomach (lateral)
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gastric mucosa
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epithelial lining with rugae
contains gastric glands which secrete most of the gastric juice chief cells: secrete enzymes of gastric juice parietal cells: secrete stomach acid |
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gastric muscularis
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thick later of muscle with three sublayers of smooth muscle arranges in a crisscrossing pattern
-allos the stomach to contract strongly at many angles |
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small intestine
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90% of nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine
-crypts of lieberhuhn and brunner's gland in duodenum produce digestive enzymes -two types of movement, segmentation and perstalsis |
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Where are Peyer's patches located
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small intestine
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the three divisions of small intestine
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duodenum 25 cm long-forms a C inferior to the liver
jejunum 2.5 m long ileum:about 3.5 m long |
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large intestine functions
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completion of absorption and elimination
-produces vit. K and B |
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lenght of colon
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1.6 to 1.8 m long with diameter of 6 cm
cecum: 5-8 cm rectum: 7-8 inches |
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pancreas functions
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produce digestive enzymes and hormones
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islets of langerhans in the pancrease produce?
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produce insulin and glucagon
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pancreatic carcinoma usually metastasizes to the?
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lung and liver
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functions of liver
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-metabolism of nutrients
-detoxification of drugs -synthesis of bile salts (1 pint of bile per day) -filtering of blood from GI tract -storage of nutrients (iron and vitamins) -breakdown of old RBCs and WBCs by Kupffer cells -activation of Vit D |
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lobes of the liver
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right, left, quadrate and caudate
- |
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why is the liver at risk for metastatic disease from GI tumors
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because nutrients are carried from the GI tract via the portal vein
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gall bladder
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-located in fossa of the visceral surface of the liver
-stores bile -sac about 6-10cm long |
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liver and biliary tree
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-bile produced in liver is transported by ducts to duodenum
-ducts include: hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct, Ampulla of Vater |
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peritoneum
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largest serous membrane of the body that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the viscera of organs
-has large folds and contains blood, lymph vessels, and nerves that supply abdominal organs |
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lesser omentum
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a fold in the peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and commencesment of the duodenum
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greater omentum
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a large fold in the serosa of the stomach at the greater curvature that hangs down like an apron over the front of the intestin
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mesocolon
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carries blood vessels and lymphatics to intestsines
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transverse mesocolon
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less extensive fold of peritoneum, attaches to transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall
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lesser mesocolon
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suspends stomach and duodenum from th eliver
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greater mesocolon
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drapes over transverse colon and coils of intestine attaches along the stomach and duodenum, passes downward over small intestine for a variable distance, turns upward to transverse colon where it attaches to it
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Small lung lesions are commonly found in which area of the lung?
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the mediastinum region
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large lung lesions are more commonly found it what area of the lung?
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periphery of lung
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visceral pleura
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covering adjacent to the lung
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parietal pleura
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covering adjacent to thorax
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atelectasis
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collapsed lung
-can be one or all lobes -can result from disease or foreing body |
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pneumothorax
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air in the pleural cavity
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bronchitis
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inflammation of the bronchus
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tricuspid valve
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between the right atrium and right ventricle
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mitral or bicuspid valve
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between left atrium and left ventricle
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semilunar
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aortic valve and pulmonary valve
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endocardium
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inner layer of heart
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myocardium
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middle muscular layer of heart-recieves flood supply directly from the coronary arteries
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epicardium
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outter layer of heart that connects to visceral pericardium
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blood flow in heart
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On right: blood flow in rt atrium, tricuspid valve into the rt ventricle, from rt ventricle blood flows thru the pulmonary semi lunar valve into the pulmonary trunk, pulmonary artery, arterioles, capillaries, venules, pulmonary veins.
On left: blood flow from the lt atrium to mitral valve into the lt ventricle, from lt ventricle blood flows thru aortic semilunar valve into aorta |
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circle of willis
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a vascular network at the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus and midbrain that supplies arterial blood to the cerebrum...its formed by interconnection of posterior cerebral, posterior communication, internal carotid, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries
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