Anatomy Quiz 2 Cards: Bones

Front 1

What are the four main functions of the bone?

Back 1

1.support/attachment of muscles to organs
2.protection
3.manufacture blood cells
4.storehouse for calcium and phosphorus salts

Front 2

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

Back 2

axial and apandicular

Front 3

What are the five shapes of bones?

Back 3

1.long bones
2.short bones
3.flat bones
4.irregular bones
5.sesamoid bones

Front 4

what are two examples of a long bone?

Back 4

femur and humerus

Front 5

what are two examples of a short bone?

Back 5

carpals and tarsals

Front 6

what are three examples of a flat bone?

Back 6

ribs, cranium, and sternum

Front 7

what are three examples of an irregular bone?

Back 7

vertebrae, scapula, and patella

Front 8

what are two examples of a sesamoid bone?

Back 8

patella and pisiform

Front 9

what do you call bone cells?

Back 9

osteocytes

Front 10

what gives a bone its rigidity?

Back 10

calcium and phosphorus

Front 11

what is bone made of and how does it differ from cartilage?

Back 11

made from matrix and it differs because of the blood vessels it has that cartilage does not.

Front 12

what is wolff's law?

Back 12

bones will form in direct relationship to the stress placed upon them.

Front 13

what are the two types of bone tissue?

Back 13

compact bone and "spongy bone"

Front 14

what is another word for spongy bone?

Back 14

cancellous bone

Front 15

which is the stronger bone tissue? compact or spongy?

Back 15

compact

Front 16

what shape does the compact bone formed in? where is it found?

Back 16

formed in concentric circles and found on the outside of all bones and on our shafts

Front 17

in a compact bone, what are the small canals of the bone connected to? what do they do?

Back 17

haversian canals, theydeliver nutrition

Front 18

which bone tissue is weaker and lighter? compact or spongy?

Back 18

spongy

Front 19

which bone tissue contains red marrow? compact or spongy?

Back 19

spongy

Front 20

where do you find spongy bone?

Back 20

in the end of long bones and inside flat bones.

Front 21

the matrix of the spongy bone are in long columns. what are these columns called?

Back 21

trabeculae

Front 22

trabeculae are laid down in certain patterns? why? what are these patterns called?

Back 22

to adapt to the stress that the bone undergoes.
trabelcular trajectories

Front 23

What are the seven structures of the long bone?

Back 23

1.epiphysis
2.diphysis
3.medullary cavity
4.periosteum
5.sharpey's fibers
6.nutrient foramen
7.volkman's canals

Hint 23

Every Day My Prince Sends New Violets

Front 24

what is the epiphysis? what bone tissue covers it with a thin wall? what bone tissue fills the inside?

Back 24

1.enlarged end of bone
2.compact bone
3.spongy bone

Front 25

what is the diaphysis? is the compact bone covering thick or thin? how much spongy bone on the inside?

Back 25

1.the shaft of the long bone
2.thick
3.none/very little

Front 26

what is the medullary cavity? what kind of marrow does it contain? what is this marrow?

Back 26

1.the hollow area in the middle of the shaft. (diaphysis)
2.yellow
3.fat

Front 27

What is the periosteum? what is it made of? what does it do?

Back 27

1.it is the covering of the bones where articular cartilage occurs.
2.dense irregular CT
3.carries blood vessels

Front 28

what do sharpey's fibers do? what sort of fibers are they composed of?

Back 28

1.attach periosteum, ligaments, and tendons to the bone.
2.collagen fibers that are embedded in the matrix.

Front 29

what is the nutrient foramen? what does it do?

Back 29

1.holes in the compact bone that are visible with naked eye.
2.connects the blood vessels from the periosteum with the medullary cavity.

Front 30

what are the volkman's canals? what do they do?

Back 30

1.small holes that penetrate the compact bone.
2.connects the blood vessels from the periosteum to the haversian canal.

Front 31

what is ossification?

Back 31

the laying down of mineral salts upon an organic matrix, which forms bone.

Front 32

what are the two types of ossification?

Back 32

entramembranous(EM) and endochondral(EC)

Front 33

what are the four steps of EM ossification?

Back 33

1.tough fibrous membrane appears
2.ossification is formed within the membranes
3.occurs around the outside of the bone
4.bone on the inside is reabsorbed

Front 34

what type of cartilage appears first in EC? what replaces the ground substance of this cartilage?

Back 34

1.hyaline
2.calcium salts

Front 35

what type of bones are formed through EC?

Back 35

long bones

Front 36

what is the primary center of ossification in EC? EDMPSNV?

Back 36

diaphysis

Front 37

when EC happens, what direction does it ossify? outward or inward? up, down, left, right?

Back 37

1.outward
2.all directions

Front 38

in EC, what is the secondary center of ossification? EDMPSNV?

Back 38

epiphysis

Front 39

where do the primary and secondary centers of ossification meet?

Back 39

epiphyseal plates/growth plates