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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anterior
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frontside
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posterior
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backside
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ventral
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frontside
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dorsal
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backside
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superior
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above
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inferior
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below
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cranial/cephalid is toward the...?
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toward the head
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caudal is toward the...?
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toward the tail
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medial in relation to the midline...
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towards the midline
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latteral in relation to the midline...
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away from the midline
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proximal
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closer to the core
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distal
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farther from the core
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valgus
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distal bone angles away from the midline
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varus
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distal bone is angling toward the midline
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flexion
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movement in anterior direction
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extension
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movement in the posterior direction
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abduction
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move away from midline
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adduction
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move toward the midline of the body
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medial rotation/internal rotation
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rotate toward the body
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lateral rotation/external rotation
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rotate away from the body
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supination/inversion
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palms up
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pronation/eversion
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palms down
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spine flexion
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looking down
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spine extention
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looking back
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circumduction
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moving in all three planes
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scapula elevation, depression, protraction, and retraction
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shrug, slump, foward, and backward
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supine/prone
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on their back or on their stomach
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sidelying
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on their side
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hooklying
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on back with knees bent with feet and hips on the ground
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tissues
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a clump of similar cells and the material surrounding those cells
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four basic types of tissues
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epithial, connective, muscular, and nervous
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epithial tissue: matrix? forms what? mostly what?
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not alot of matrix. forms surfaces and inside lining of body organs, tubes, and cavities. mostly cellular and non vascularized.
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what is an organ?
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different tissues that when you put them together you get an organ
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What is the most common type of tissue?
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connective tissue
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connective tissue is mostly composed of what?
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matrix
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what type of connective tissue doesn't have blood vessels?
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cartilage
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What are the functions of the connective tissue?
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binds, supports, protects, fights infection
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what does connective tissue store?
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fat (adipose tissue)
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What types of CT are there?
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matrix/regular and specialized
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what kinds of specialized CT are there?
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cartilage, bone, and blood (lymph)
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What is matrix composed of?
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composed of protein fibers and ground substance
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What are the three types of protein fibers?
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coligen, alastin, and reticular
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which is the strongest of the protein fibers?
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coligen fibers
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which fibers are found in CT?
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coligen fibers
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which fiber gives structure and strength?
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coligen fibers
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what is the characteristic of the alastin fiber?
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stretchy
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what is the function of the reticular fiber?
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creates a frame for holding fat
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What are the six types of regular CT?
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loose, dense irregular, dense regular, elastic, adipose, and reticular
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what are the characteristics of the loose CT?
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has all three fiber types packed loosely together, found in subcutaneous tissue (beneath the skin)
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what are the characteristics of the dense irregular CT?
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lots of protein fibers packed close together, mostly coligen
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In what directions is the dense irregular CT strong in? where is dense irregular found?
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strong in all directions, found in the bone and dermus (skin)
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what are the characteristics of the dense regular CT?
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coligen fibers packed closely, strong in one direction, found in ligaments and tendons
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what are the characteristics of elastic CT?
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mostly elastic tissue, found in the vocal cords, heart, and arteriol walls, can take pressure
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what are the characteristics of adipose tissue?
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mostly reticular fibers which support fat cells, around the heart and kidneys
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what are the characteristics of reticular tissue?
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support inner framework, reticular fibers, found in spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
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what are the functions of cartilage?
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shock absorbtion, decreasing friction, found in all joints
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what are the characteristics of cartilage?
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strong and pliable, avascular, aneural
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what does avascular mean?
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not vascular: no blood supply
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what does aneural mean?
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not neural: cant feel anything
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what are the three types of cartilage?
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hyaline, fibro, and elastic
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what is the most abundant type of cartilage?
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hyaline
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where would you find hyaline cartilage?
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lining every free moving joint and where the ribs join the sternum so we can expand our chest to breath, in nose and trakia
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when one has osteoarthritis, what cartilage is breaking down?
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hyaline
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what are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?
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smooth and strong, mostly consists of coligen, slippery and pliable
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what is the second most abundant type of cartilage?
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fibro
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what is the strongest type of cartilage?
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fibro
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what type of fiber is in fibro cartilage?
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coligen
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where would one find fibro cartilage?
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in joints and spine discs
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what are the characteristics of elastic cartilage?
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mobile, weaker, made of elastin fibers
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where can one find elastic cartilage?
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ear and epiglottus (helps you swallow
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