Anatomy Posterior Muscles

Front 1

Splenius Capitus

Back 1

Identify

Front 2

Levator Scapulae

Back 2

Action- elevation
Origin- Transverse processes of the upper 4 cervical vertebrae
Insertion- Superior angle of the scapula

Front 3

Trapezius

Back 3

Action- Elevation, up rotation
Origin- Base of skull, occipital protuberance, Nuchal Line, Spinous process of 7th cervical and upper 3 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion- Posterior aspect of the lateral third of the clavicle, Medial border of the acromion process and superior border of the scapular spine

Front 4

Rhomboid (major/minor)

Back 4

Action- Adduction, Down rotation, elevation
Origin- Spinous process of the last cervical and the first 5 thoracic
Insertion- Medial border of the scapula below the spine

Front 5

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 5

Action- Extension, adduction, internal rotation
Origin- Posterior crest of ilium back of sacrum, spinous processes of the lumbar and lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, and lumbar fascia.
Insertion- Intertubercular sulcus humerus

Front 6

Infraspinatus

Back 6

Action- External rotation, Horizontal abduction, diagonal abduction
Origin- Medial aspect of the infraspinatus fossa just below the spine of the scapula
Insertion- Posteriorly on the greater tubercle of the humerus

Front 7

Supraspinatus

Back 7

Action- Abduction
Origin- Medial 2/3 of supraspinatus fossa
Insertion- Superior portion of greater tubercle

Front 8

Teres Minor

Back 8

Action- External rotation, horizontal abduction, diagonal adduction
Origin- Posteriorly on upper and middle aspect of the lateral border of scapula
Insertion- Posteriorly on greater tubercle of humerus

Front 9

Subscapularis

Back 9

Origin- Subscular fossa

Insertion- Lesser turbercle of humerus

Front 10

Teres Major

Back 10

Action- Extension, Adduction, Internal rotation
Origin- Posteriorly on the inferior 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula just superior to the inferior angle
Insertion- Medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Front 11

Deltoid

Back 11

Action- Abduction, Horizontal abduction, diagonal abduction
Origin- Inferior edge of the spine of the scapula
Insertion- Deltoid tuberosity

Front 12

Serratus Anterior

Back 12

Action- Abducts scapula
Origin- Upper 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion- Medial border of the scapula

Front 13

External Intercostals

Back 13

Identify

Front 14

Erector Spinae

Back 14

Action- Lateral flexion of the spine, extension of the spine
Origin- Thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum to posterior ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion- Cervical, thoracic transverse processes

Front 15

Treceps Brachii Long Head

Back 15

Action- Extension of elbow, extension of shoulder, adduction of shoulder
Origin- Below the inferior lip of glenoid fossa on scapula
Insertion- Olecranon process

Front 16

Triceps Brachii Medial&Lateral Head

Back 16

Action- Extension of elbow
Origin- Posterior surface of the humerus
Insertion- Olecranon process

Front 17

Brachioradialis

Back 17

Action- Flexion of elbow, pronation, supination
Origin- Distal 2/3 of the lateral condyoid ridge of the humerus
Insertion- Lateral surface of hte distal end of the styloid process of the radius

Front 18

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Back 18

Action- Extension of the wrist, Abduction of the wrist, Weak extension of the elbow
Origin- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion- Base of the 2nd metacarpal on dorsal surface

Front 19

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Back 19

Action- Extension of the wrist, Abduction of the wrist
Origin- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion- Base of the 3rd metacarpal on dorsal side

Front 20

Extensor Digitorum

Back 20

Action- Extension of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal junction, extension of the wrist, weak extension of the elbow
Origin- Lateral epicondyle of the humerous
Insertion- Four tendons to bases of 2nd and 3rd phalanges on 4 fingers on dorsal surface

Front 21

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Back 21

Action- Extension of the thumb, extension of the wrist
Origin- Posterior lateral surface of the lower middle ulna
Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of the thumb on dorsal surface

Front 22

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Back 22

Action- Extension of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal junction, weak wrist extension
Origin- Posterior surface of the lower middle radius
Insertion- Base of proximal phalanx of thumb on dorsal surface

Front 23

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Back 23

Action- Abduction of the thumb, abduction of the wrist
Origin- Posterior aspect of radius and midshaft of ulna
Inserts- Base of the 1st metacarpal on dorsal surface

Front 24

Extensor Indicis

Back 24

Identify

Front 25

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Back 25

Identify

Front 26

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 26

Action- Extension of the wrist, Adduction of the wrist, weak extension of the elbow
Origin- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and middle 1/2 of the posterior border of the ulna
Insertion- Base of the 5th metacarpal on the dorsal surface

Front 27

Dorsal Interosse

Back 27

Identify

Front 28

Extensor Retinaculum

Back 28

Identify

Front 29

Supinator

Back 29

Action- Supination of forearm
Origin- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and neighboring posterior part of the ulna
Insertion- Lateral surface of the proximal radius just below the head

Front 30

Gracillis

Back 30

Identify

Front 31

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 31

Action- abduction of the hip, flexion of the hip, internal rotation of the hip as it flexes
Origin- Anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium just below the crest
Insertion- 1/4 of the way down the thigh into the iliotibial tract

Front 32

Iliotibial tract

Back 32

Origin- Iliac crest

Inserts- lateral condyle tibia

Front 33

Gluteus Maximus

Back 33

Action- Extension of the hip, external rotation of the hip, lower fibers assist in adduction
Origin- Posterior 1/4 of the crest of the iliac crest, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx and pascia of the lumbar area
Insertion- Proximal posterior femur and the iliotibial band of the fasciae latae

Front 34

Gluteus Medius

Back 34

Action- Abduction of the hip, external rotation as the hip abducts, Internal rotation (anterior fibers)
Origin- Post-lateral surface of the ilium just below the crest
Insertion- Posterior and middle surfaces of the greater trochanter

Front 35

Gluteus Minimus

Back 35

Action- Abduction of the hip, Hip internal rotation as femus is abducted
Origin- Post-later surface of the ilium just below the origin of the gluteus medius
Insertion- Anterior surface of the greater trochanter

Front 36

Periformus

Back 36

Origin- Anterior sacrum

Inserts- Greater trochanter

Front 37

Quadratus Femoris

Back 37

Origin- Ischial tuberosity

Inserts- Greater trochanter

Front 38

Gamellus (Superior and Inferior)

Back 38

Origin- Ischial spine or tuberosity

Inserts- Greater trochanter

Front 39

Obterator Internus

Back 39

Origin- Obturator membrane and adjacent bones

Inserts- Greater trochanter

Front 40

Biceps Femoris (Long/short heads)

Back 40

Action- Extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, external rotation of the hip, external knee rotation
Origin- Long head: ischial tuberosity, short head;lower half of the linea aspera and lateral condyloid ridge
Insertion- Head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia

Front 41

Semitendinosus

Back 41

Action- Extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the hip, internal knee rotation
Origin- Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion- Medial proximal surface of the tibia just below the condyle

Front 42

Semimembranosus

Back 42

Action- Extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the hip, internal knee rotation
Origin- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion- Medial condyle tibial condyle

Front 43

Adductor magnus

Back 43

Origin- Inferior rumus pubis

Inserts- Linea aspera

Front 44

Gastrocnemius

Back 44

Action- Plantar flexion o fthe ankle, flexion of the knee
Origin- Medial head: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle, lateral head: posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle
Insertion- Posterior surface of the calcaneus

Front 45

Soleus

Back 45

Action- Plantar flexion of the ankle
Origin- Posterior surface of the proximal fubula, distal mid tibial surface, and interosseous membrane
Insertion- Posterior surface of the calcaneus

Front 46

Plantaris

Back 46

Identify

Front 47

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 47

Action- Flexion of the 4 lesser toes, plantar flexion of the ankle, inversion of the foot
Origin- Middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion- Base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes

Front 48

Flexor Hallicus Longus

Back 48

Action- Flexion of the great toe, Inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the ankle
Origin- Middle 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula
Insertion- Base of the distal phalanx of the big toe, under surface

Front 49

Tibialis Posterior

Back 49

Action- Inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the ankle
Origin- Posterior surface of the upper 1/2 of the interosseus membrane and the adjacent surgaces of the tibia and fibula
Insertion- Planter metatarsal surface of 2-5 metatarsal bones

Front 50

Achilles Tendon

Back 50

Identify

Front 51

Plantar fascia

Back 51

Identify