Anatomy & Physiology- Membranes And Tissues

Front 1

What kind of active transport is the result of a gradient created by the primary pump?

Back 1

secondary active transport

Front 2

What is the fluid, flowing, moving model that is made of several components?

Back 2

Fluid Mosaic Model

Front 3

"cell drinking"

Back 3

pinocytosis

Front 4

What is the fatty acid/non-polar hydrophobic part of the phospholipid bilayer?

Back 4

tail

Front 5

infolding of plasma membrane forming a vesicle of fluid

Back 5

pinocytosis

Front 6

What is the outer boundary of the cell that controls what moves into/out of the cell?

Back 6

plasma membrane

Front 7

Which pump drives na/k out/in the cell?

Back 7

sodium-potassium pump (duh)

Front 8

What happens to the layers of the phospholipid bilayers?

Back 8

They move across each other

Front 9

What are 3 characteristics of a solute pump?

Back 9

- requires carrier proteins
- used to move Na, K, Ca, ions/amino acids
- Moves subst. against concent. grad.

Front 10

Which part of the cell contains cholesterol for stablization to keep it from blistering and prevents too much horizontal movement?

Back 10

Phospholipid bilayer

Front 11

What kind of coupled systems have substances moving in opp. directions?

Back 11

antiport systems

Front 12

What increases the cell's surface area?

Back 12

microvilli

Front 13

What kind of active transport is used to small molecules and ions?

Back 13

solute pumping

Front 14

Which jcts anchors cells together?

Back 14

desmosomes

Front 15

4 reasons why active transport is necessary

Back 15

- subst. that can't pass thru membranes by diffusion
- too large for pores
- unable to dissolve thru membrane
- required to move against concent. gradient

Front 16

What kind of diffusion occurs when substances that are non-polar and lipid soluble diffuse directly thru the lipid bilayer?

Back 16

simple diffusion

Front 17

Na mus be __ - __ x higher outside the cell relative to the indside

Back 17

10-20x

Front 18

What kind of transport usually depends on diffusion?

Back 18

Passive transport

Front 19

K must be __-__x highher inside the cell relative to the outside

Back 19

10-20x

Front 20

Which jct are fused protein molecules that are like a zipper?

Back 20

Tight junction

Front 21

"cell eating"

Back 21

phagocytosis

Front 22

What are four characteristics of glycoealyx (the sugar coating)?

Back 22

- fuzzy layer on outside surface
- made of carbs
- holds adjacent cells together
- creates cell to cell recognition (immune sys)

Front 23

purposes of epithelial tissue?

Back 23

- protection
- absorption
- filtration
- excretion
- secretion
- sensory reception

Front 24

Which proteins stay firmly in place?

Back 24

integral proteins

Front 25

what lacks the receptors for the uptake of cholesterol into the cells?

Back 25

familial hypercholestolemia

Front 26

Which kind of membrane allows some substances to pass thru?

Back 26

Semipermeable

Front 27

main use of bulk transport

Back 27

for hormones, large particles, macromolecules

Front 28

Which jcts allow the passage of chemical substances (between a neuron and another tissue cell)?

Back 28

Gap junctions

Front 29

3 results of secondary act. trans.:

Back 29

- cells of intestine takes up subst.
- cells reg. pH
- musc. cells get glucose/amino acids

Front 30

What are the little shaggy hairs that project from the cell surface?

Back 30

Microvilli

Front 31

What is secondary active transport?

Back 31

driven indirectly by the passive ion gradient created by the operation of primary transport

Front 32

Which jct prevents molecules from passing from cell to cell?

Back 32

Tight junctions

Front 33

What kind of transport is important for cell's normal fxn of muscle/nerve cells?

Back 33

primary active transport

Front 34

Which proteins are attached to exposed integral proteins on the internal side?

Back 34

Peripheral proteins

Front 35

what kind of bulk trans. encloses a membrane sac (vesicle) which fuses with the plasma membrane (secreting contents)?

Back 35

exocytosis

Front 36

What are 5 fxns of membrane proteins?

Back 36

- transport (pumps)
- enzymes (to move things)
- receptors (for hormones)
- cell adhesion
- attached to cytoskeleton - helps retain the shapes of cell

Front 37

What kind of coupled sys. has both subst. moving in the same direction?

Back 37

Primary act. trans.

Front 38

What kind of diffision occurs when the mol. is combined with protein carrier molecules in the plasma membrane and are released in the cytoplasm?

Back 38

facilitated diffusion

Front 39

Solute pumping requires atp because sodium is...?

Back 39

being pumped against the concentration gradient

Front 40

Which are communicating jnts?

Back 40

Gap jcts

Front 41

In solute pumping, there are more POS/NEG ions than POS/NEG?

Back 41

pos than neg

Front 42

Which jnts are anchoring jcts?

Back 42

Desmosomes

Front 43

What kind of active transport moves more than one subst. at a time?

Back 43

Coupled systems

Front 44

Which jnts are attached to strong guy-wires which extend from cell to cell?

Back 44

desmosomes

Front 45

What is the kind of bulk transport takes stuff INTO the cell?

Back 45

endocytosis

Front 46

Which junction is impermeable?

Back 46

Tight junction

Front 47

pressure exerted by water

Back 47

hydrostatic pressure

Front 48

What kind of transport requires carrier proteins and allows cells to take up nutrients that can't pass by any other means?

Back 48

Active transport

Front 49

Kind of tissue made of sheets of cells that cover a body surface?

Back 49

epithelial

Front 50

What is the tendancy of molecules/ions to scatter evenly thru out the environment?

Back 50

diffusion

Front 51

membrane has receptors that bind substances

Back 51

recepted mediated endocytosis

Front 52

What kind of diffusion occurs when a solvent diffuses thru a selectively permeable membrane?

Back 52

osmosis

Front 53

All cells in their naturals state has this kind of gradient..?

Back 53

electrochemical gradient

Front 54

What is primary active transport?

Back 54

energy provided by the hydrolysis of ATP

Front 55

What two elements are necessary for the H2O balance of all cells?

Back 55

Na and K

Front 56

plasma membrane extends out and engulfs material like food, macrophages

Back 56

phagocytosis

Front 57

What leads to atherosclerosis if not contolled?

Back 57

familial hypercholestolemia

Front 58

What kind of bulk transport is packaged by golgi apparatus?

Back 58

exocytosis

Front 59

tendancy to resist water entry

Back 59

osmotic pressure

Front 60

when osmotic pressure equals hydrostatic pressure...?

Back 60

equilibrium for WATER diffusion occurs

Front 61

total concentration of solutes in a solution

Back 61

osmolarity

Front 62

concentration of non-penetrating solutes

Back 62

tonicity