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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the function of the cell membrane?
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The cell membrane controls passage of substances into and out of cell.
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What part of the cell contains and processes genetic information?
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The nucleus contains and processes genetic information.
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What part of the cell is composed of a phospholipid bilayer?
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The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
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What part of the cell propels mucus and debris across the luminal surface?
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The cilia uses rhythmic beating to propel mucus and debris across surface.
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What part of the cell controls cell metabolism and protein synthesis?
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The nucleus controls cell metabolism and protein synthesis.
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What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
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The nuclear envelope controls movement of molecules in and out of nucleus.
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What part of the cell is considered the information bank for the cell?
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The nucelus is considered the information bank for the cell.
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Where are ribosomal subunits synthesized?
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Ribosomal subunits are synthesized in the nucleolus.
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Which part of the cells contains RNA?
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RNA is contained within the nucleolus.
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What is the site of adenosine triphosphate production?
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Mitochondria is the area of adenosine triphosphate production.
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What is the purpose of the golgi apparatus?
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Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and alterations of subtances.
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Which part of the cell is responsible for digestion of absorbed material?
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The lysosomes are responsible for digestion of absorbed material.
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What are 2 single celled organisms?
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Protozoa and bacteria are 2 single celled organisms.
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What are 5 abilities of a cell?
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Cells can grow, develop, reproduce, adapt, and can be influenced by stimuli.
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Who was responsible for developing the first microscope?
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A French scientist by the name of Robert Hook developed the first microscope.
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Which living organism is not made up of cells?
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Viruses are not made up of cells.
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Which scientist first identified cells?
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Robert Hook first identified cells when studying crok.
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What are the 2 classifications of cells?
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The 2 classifications of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
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What are 3 examples of organisms containing prokaryotic cells?
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Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria, algae, and mature red blood cells.
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Why is the nucleus of a mature red blood cell dissolved?
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The nucleus of a mature red blood cell is dissolved to carry more oxygen.
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What is the main goal of a cell?
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The main goal of a cell is to maintain homeostasis.
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What are the 3 main functions of the cell membrane?
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The 3 main functions of the cell membrane are boundary, gatekeeper & communication center.
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What occurs if the membrane of the cell is broken?
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If membrane is broken, entire cell dies and does not regenerate.
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What 2 body systems does the cell membrane mimic?
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The cell membrane acts like skin and skeletal system for the cell.
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When cells exist with other cells like themselves, what is the name of this structure?
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When cells exist with other similiar cells, it creates a tissue.
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What are 2 other names for the cell membrane?
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The cell membrane is also called the cell wall or plasma membrane.
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What is the purpose of phopholipids?
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Phospholipids maintain the homeostasis of cells.
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What is the purpose of protein in the cell membrane?
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Proteins in cell membrane move particles too large to pass thru membrane otherwise.
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How are the nutritional needs of cells met?
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Nutritional needs are met by exchanging gases, taking in water and minerals and food, and eliminating waste.
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What 2 ways are the the nutritional needs of cells met?
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Nutritional needs of cells are met thru passive transport and active transport.
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What is the difference between passive and active transport?
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Passive transport occurs spontaneously, active transport has to use energy.
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What are the 2 methods of passive transport?
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The 2 methods of passive transport are diffusion and osmosis.
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What is diffusion?
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Diffusion is the movement of small molecules from high concentration are to low area.
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What is osmosis?
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Fluid passes from inside of cell to outside to dissolve molecules so they can pass thru by themselves.
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What is tonicity?
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Tonicity is the ability of cells to attract water.
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What are the 3 different classifications of tonicity?
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Tonicity can be described as hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
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What is hypertonic tonicity?
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Hypertonic tonicity occurs when outside environment of cells has a higher concentration.
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What is hypotonic tonicity?
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Hypotonic tonicity occurs when concentration is higher within cell.
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Which tonicity classification pulls fluid inside cell to dissolve particles?
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Hypotonic states will cause cell to pull fluids inside to dissolve particles.
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Which tonicity classification pushes fluid outside cells to dilute high concentrations?
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Hypertonic states cause cells to push fluids outside to dissolve particles.
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What are 3 commonly used isotonic fluids in veterinary medicine?
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Commonly used isotonic solutions are LRS, D5W, and normal saline.
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Which 3 parts of the cell can be seen with a normal microscope?
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Parts of the cell that can be seen with a normal microscope are membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
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What is the purpose of cytoplasm?
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The purpose of cytoplasm is to suspend and support all organelles within the cell.
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What are the 3 regions of the nucleus?
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The main regions of the nucleus are the chromatin, neucleolus, and nuclear envelope.
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Which part of the nucleus makes up chromosomes?
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The chromatin makes up chromosomes.
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Which part of the cell is nicknamed "the messenger"?
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The nucleolus is also known as "the messenger".
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What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope?
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The nuclear envelope protects nucleus and regulates what goes in and out of nucleus.
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What is the purpose of centrosomes?
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The only purpose of centrosomes is during cell reproduction to help separate chromosones.
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What is the purpose of endoplasmic reticulum?
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The ER is a transport and production mechanism for fats and carbohydrates.
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What is the main job of rough ER?
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The main job of rough ER is to modify and transport proteins made by ribosomes to golgi.
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What is the site where amino acids are combined to make polypeptide chains?
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Ribosomes are the site where amino acids are combined to make polypeptide chains.
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Where are ribosomes found?
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Ribosomes are found on surface of rough ER or floating loose in cytoplasm.
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What are vacuoles?
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Vacuoles are any type of inclusion.
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When is a vacuole created?
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A vacuole is created whenever phagocytosis or pinocytosis occurs.
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What is the purpose of smooth ER?
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Smooth ER is the site for production and modification of fats and carbohydrates.
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What is a common nickname for lysosomes?
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Lysosomes are also called "suicide sacs".
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What part of the cell is considered "the powerhouse"?
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"The powerhouse" of the cell is the mitochondria.
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What is the job of the golgi apparatus?
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The golgi apparatus is to modify whatever is being excreted by cell into substance that can be utilized by other tissues and cells.
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What is the purpose of lysosomes?
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Lysosomes contain enzymes break down the substances in vacuoles, and are responsible for autolysis.
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Where are the ingested nutrients of substances conveted to energy?
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Substances manufactured by cell are converted to energy.
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What are 3 reasons cells must divide?
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Cells must divide for growth, reproduction, and replacement of worn out or injured cells.
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Which type of cells are utilized in the process of mitosis?
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Somatic or diploid cells are utilized in process of mitosis.
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Where does meiosis occur?
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Meiosis occurs in ovaries or in testes.
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What type of cell is involved in reproduction?
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Reproduction occurs in haploid cells.
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What is the end product of spermatogenesis?
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The end product of spermatogenesis is 4 viable daughter cells or gametes.
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What is oogenesis?
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Oogenesis is the creation of new ova.
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What is the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
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Oogenesis only creates one viable daughter cell.
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After ova is fertilized by sperm, what is produced?
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A zygote is produced after fertilization.
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What is embryogenesis?
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Embryogenesis is the formation of a new being.
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Where does morula cleavage occur?
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Morula cleavage occurs in ovarian tube.
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Where does blastula cleavage occur?
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Blastula cleavage occurs in the wall of the uterine horn.
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How many cells are involved in morula cleavage?
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Morula cleavage consists of 16 cells.
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How many cells are involved in blastula cleavage?
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Blastula cleavage consists of 300 to 400 cells.
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What is gastrulation?
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Gastrulation is the point in growth where there is a differntiation between internal and external parts.
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What is the ectoderm?
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The ectoderm is part of the tube which will eventually become nerves, brain, spinal cord, and integumentary.
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What is the mesoderm?
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The mesoderm is the middle layer that will form bones, muscles, cartilage, blood, kidneys, and gonads.
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What is the endoderm?
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The endoderm is the inside layer which forms the hollow tube for digestive, respiratory, and glands.
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What is organogenesis?
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Organogenesis is the formation of organs.
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What is the control center of the cell?
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The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
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What packages and secretes substances?
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The golgi apparatus packages and secretes substances.
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What is found in pairs and pulls the chromosomes to separate poles during cell division?
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The centrioles are found in pairs and pulls the chromosones to separate poles.
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What propels mucus and debris across the cell membrane?
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Cilia propels mucus and debris across the cell membrane.
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What produces lipids and steroids?
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces lipids and steroids.
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What is the site of protein synthesis?
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The site of protein synthesis are the ribosomes.
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What is the transport system throughout the cytoplasm?
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The microtubules are the transport system throughout the cytoplasm.
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What part of the cell contains RNA?
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The nucleolus contains RNA.
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Which part of the cell produces ATP?
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Mitochondria produces ATP.
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What is the jelly like substance that suspends the organelles within the cell?
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The jelly like substance in the cell that supports organelles is the cytoplasm.
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What is responsible for digestion of absorbed material?
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Lysosomes are responsible for digestion of absorbed material.
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What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm?
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The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
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What part of the cell transports and modifies proteins?
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The rough endoplasmic reticulum transports and modifies proteins.
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What is the boundary, gatekeeper, and communications center of the cell?
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The cell membrane serves as boundary, gatekeeper, and communications center.
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What part of the cell forms chromosomes?
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The chromatin forms chromosones.
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What is the difference in concentration of two solutions called?
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The difference between concentrations of two solutions is called the pressure gradient.
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What is composed of two centrioles?
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A centrosome is composed of two centrioles.
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What is responsible for surrounding and removing harmful material from the cell?
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Lysosomes surround and remove harmful material from the cell.
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What are the 2 major functional regions of the eukaryotic cell?
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The 2 major functional regions of the eukaryotic cell are the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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What part of the cell is responsible for the synthesis and transport of glycogen, lipids, and steroids?
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The smooth ER is responsbile for synthesis and transport of glycogen, lipids, and steroids.
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What is epithelial?
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Epithelial pertains to the cellular covering of internal and external surfaces of body.
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What is synthesis?
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Synthesis is the creation of a compound by union of elements.
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What are the 3 skin layers?
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The 3 skin layers are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous.
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What are some of the functions of skin?
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Skin acts as an enclosing barrier, temperature regulator, environmental protection, sensory preceptor, flexibility, storage, and pigmentation.
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Flaky skin and greasy hair can be an indicator of what condition?
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Flaky skin and greasy hair can be a sign of diabetes.
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What are the 4 shape classifications of epithelial tissue?
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The 4 shape classifications are squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified columnar.
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What are the 4 arrangement classifications of epithelial tissue?
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The 4 arrangement classifications are simple, stratified, transitional, and glandular.
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What epithelial shape classification is found in most secreting glands?
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Secreting glands contain cuboidal epithelials.
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What epithelial shape classification is found in upper respiratory tract?
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelials are found in upper respiratory tract.
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What epithelial shape classification is found in the nose?
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Columnar epithelials are located in the nose.
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What epithelial shape classification covers most of the external body?
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Squamous epithelials cover most of the external body.
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What is a transitional arrangement of epithelial tissue?
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Transitional epithelials are a combination of cuboidal and squamous.
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