Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 6 Skin & Its Appendages 6Th Edition Thibodeau & Patton

Front 1

dermis

(DER-mis)

Back 1

the deeper of the two major layers of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed w/ glands, nerve endings,& blood vessels

Front 2

epidermis

(ep-i-DER-mis)

Back 2

outermost layer of the skin; sometimes called the “false” skin

Front 3

hair follicle

(hair FOL-li-kul)

Back 3

small blind-end tube extending from the dermis through the epidermis that contains the hair root & where hair growth occurs; sebaceous & apocrine skin glands have ducts leading into the follicle

Front 4

integument

(in-TEG-yoo-ment)

Back 4

skin; the body's largest orga

Front 5

keratin

(KER-ah-tin)

Back 5

tough, fibrous protein substance in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues

Front 6

melanin

(MEL-ah-nin)

Back 6

brown pigment primarily in skin and hair

Front 7

nail

Back 7

multilayered, protective structure composed of epithelial cells containing hard keratin; located at the distal ends of fingers and toes

Front 8

sebaceous gland

(seh-BAY-shus gland)

Back 8

oil-producing glands in the skin

Front 9

Subcutaneous Leyer

Back 9

is not part of the skin itself, it carries the major blood vessels and nerves to the skin above

Front 10

Sweat gland

Back 10

most numerous of the skin glands.classified into 2 groups—eccrine & apocrine—based on the type of secretion, location, & nervous system connections.

Front 11

Identify the two main or primary layers of skin

Back 11

Epidermis—superficial, thinner layer

Dermis—the deep, thicker layer

Front 12

What tissue type dominates each layer?

Back 12

mesoderm dermis

Epidermas

Front 13

The terms thin and thick skin refer to which primary layer of skin? How do thin and thick skin differ?

Back 13

The epidural layer
Thick skin is hairless, has 5 layers,underlying dermal papillae r raised in curving parallel friction ridges to form fingerprints or footprints that r visible on the overlying epidermis, In thin skin, the number of cell layers in each epidermal stratum is less

Front 14

Identify the two main cell types found in the epidermis

Back 14

Keratinocytes—constitute over 90% of cells present; principal structural element of the outer skin Melanocytes—pigment-producing cells (5% of the total); contribute to skin color; filter ultraviolet light.
Langerhans cells—dendritic (branched) antigen-presenting cells (APCs), they play a role in immune response

Front 15

List the five layers or strata of the epidermis

Back 15

Stratum basale base layer, Stratum spinosum spiny layer, Stratum granulosum granular layer, Stratum lucidum clear layer, Stratum corneum horny layer

Front 16

What is the name of the gluelike layer separating the dermis from the epidermis?

Back 16

dermal-epidermal junction The basement membrane, a complex arrangement of adhesive components that glue the epidermis and dermis together

Front 17

Which layer of the dermis forms the bumps that produce ridges on the palms and soles?

Back 17

in thick skin the underlying dermal papillae are raised in curving parallel friction ridges to form fingerprints or footprints that are visible on the overlying epidermis.

Front 18

Which layer is vascular: the epidermis or dermis?

Back 18

It is the rich vascular supply of the dermis that plays a critical role in regulation of body temperature

Front 19

What is the main function of the hypodermis?

Back 19

it carries the major blood vessels and nerves to the skin above

Front 20

What is the one means of heat production in the body? In what type of organs does most heat production occur?

Back 20

Heat is produced by 1 means—metabolism of foods. Because the muscles & glands (especially the liver) r the most active tissues, they carry on mr metabolism & there4 produce mr heat thn any of the other tissues

Front 21

Name three of the four physical processes by which heat is lost from the body.

Back 21

approximately 80% of heat loss occurs through the skin; remaining 20% occurs through the mucosa of the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tract

Front 22

Identify the pigment that determines hair color.

Back 22

varying amounts of melanins

Front 23

Distinguish between the classes of burns

Back 23

1st degree burn causes minor discomfort & some reddening of the skin. 2nd involve the deep epidermal layers and always cause injury to the upper layers of the dermis. 3rd characterized by destruction of both the epidermis and dermis. If burning involves underlying muscles, fasciae, or bone, it may be called a 4th degree burn

Front 24

List 7 functions of the skin

Back 24

Protection, sensation, flexibilty,excretion, hormone production, immunity, homeostasis of body temp,

Front 25

How does surface film contribute to the protective function of the skin?

Back 25

a protective barrier against an array of potentially damaging assaults from the environment

Front 26

List the appendages of the skin

Back 26

hair, nails, and skin glands

Front 27

What are the two types of sweat glands? How do they differ?

Back 27

Endocrine- most numerous function throughout life Simple, coiled, tubular glands
Secrete perspiration or sweat; eliminate wastes & help maintain a constant core temperature. Apocrine glands
Located deep in subcutaneous layer, Limited distribution—axilla, areola of breast, & around anus. Large (often more than 5 mm in diameter)Simple, branched, tubular glands.Begin 2 function at puberty, Secretion shows cyclic changes in female w/ menstrual cycle

Front 28

List two functions of sebum.

Back 28

keeps the hair supple & the skin soft & pliant. protective skin cream that prevents excessive h20 loss from the epidermis. anti fungal effect

Front 29

What substances make up the skin's surface film?

Back 29

From epithelial elements—amino acids, sterols, and complex phospholipids
From sebum—fatty acids, triglycerides, and waxes
From sweat—water, ammonia, urea, and lactic and uric acid