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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Functions of the Integumentary system
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1. guards the body (physically & biochemically)
2. body temperature 3. provides senses 4. metabolism 5. blood reservoir 6. excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes. 7. detection of touch. |
There are 7 functions
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Structural division of the skin
(Epidermis and Dermis) |
Epidermis: superficial, thinner portion, composed of epithelial tissue.
Dermis: Deeper, thicker layer made up of connective tissue (containing collagen and elastic fibers). |
one is deep and the other is thin.
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The 5 layers of the epidermis of THICK skin
list in order from deep to superficial |
DEEP--
1. Stratum germinativum (basale) *the inner most layer) 2. Stratum spinosum (prickly layer) 3. Stratum granulosum (granular layer) 4. Stratum lucidum (clear layer) 5. Stratum cornerum (Horny layer) --dead keratinocytes --the higher up in the layers, diffusion moves slower |
Stratum--Germ,Spin,Gran,Luc,Corn
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The 4 layers of the epidermis of THIN skin
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DEEP--
1. Stratum germinativum (basale) *the inner most layer) 2. Stratum spinosum (prickly layer) 3. Stratum granulosum (granular layer) 4. Stratum cornerum (Horny layer) --dead keratinocytes |
VERY SIMILAR to the THICK SKIN. but missing one layer!
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The various cells (and their function) of epidermis
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Keratinocytes: most numerous cell. produce keratin. produce lamella granules.
Melanocytes: produce melanin. transfer melanin granules to keratinocytes Langerhans: come from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. participate in immune responses against microbes that invade the skin. Tactile cells: located in deepest layer of epidermis. contact sensory neuron. the tactile cell and its nerve fiber are called a TACTILE DISC. |
4 types of cells
K, M, L, T |
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Functions of Melanin--which cells produce these products?
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Melanin: located mostly in the epidermis. Differences in skin color due to the amount of pigment that the melanocytes produce and disperse to keratinocytes & is spread out in darker skin.
Melanin is produced in melanosomes from the amino acid tyrosine. |
melanin - melanosomes
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Functions of Keratin and which cells produce these products?
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Keratin: tough, fibrous protein that protect the skin & underlying tissues from heat, microbes, and chemicals.
Keratin is produced in keratinocytes |
keratin- keratinocytes
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Process of Keratinization
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Keratinization is a developmental process undergone by newly formed cells in the stratum basale, as they are pushed to the surface.
as the cells move from one epidermal layer to the next, they get more and more keratin. the cells then undergo APOPTOSIS (cell suicide) the keratinized cells are eventually sloughted off and replaced by underlying cells that in turn become keratinized. |
cell suicide
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Function of Lamellar granules
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Lamellar granules are membrane enclosed granules found in the cells of the stratum granulosum.
they release a lipid-rich secretion that fills the spaces between cells of the the stratum granulosum and between more superficial cells of the epidermis. |
granulosum layer=granules
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The two divisions of the dermis
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Thin superficial papillar layer
and Deeper reticular layer |
Superficial
and Deep |
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Type of tissue present in Thin superficial papillary layer
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Thin superficial papillary layer has AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE containing fine elastic fibers
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Typer of tissue present in Deeper reticular layer
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Deeper reticular layer has DENSE, IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE containing bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibers.
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Dermal Papillae
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Dermal Papillae: the superior surface of the papillary layer is thrown into peg-like projections called DERMAL PAPILLAE which indent the overlying epidermis.
**THEY INCREASE SURGACE AREA OF PAPILLARY REGION some dermal papillae contain : 1.Meissner corpuscles aka Tactile corpusle(nerve endings sensitive to touch) and 2.free nerve endings (sensations of warmth, coolness, pain, tickling, and itching) |
remember that :
Meissners corpusle (tactile corpusle)= TOUCH Lamellaed Corpuscle = PRESSURE |
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Dermal ridges
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Epidermal ridges:
a series of ridges and grooves on the surface of the palms, fingers, soles, and toes. *they conform to contours of the underlying dermal papillae of the papillary region *they function to increase the grip of the hand or foot by increasing friction. |
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Hypodermis characteristic
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aka SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER (not part of the skin)--deep to the dermis, consists of AREOLAR and ADIPOSE tissue
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Hypodermis function
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serves as a STORAGE SITE for fat.
contains large blood vessels that supply the skin. contains lamellated corpuscles (PRESSURE). achors skin to the underlying structures (Primarily muscle). |
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The three pigments responsible for the color of skin
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Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin
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Compare and Contrast Thin and Thick skin.
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Thin (hairy skin)
4 layers, covers all parts of the body except palms & soles, thin epidermis, lacks a stratum lucidum, has a thin stratum spinosum and stratum corneum, has lower broader and fewer derml papillae, lacks epidermal ridges, fewer sweat glands Thick skin: 5 layers, covers the palms, thick epidermis, startum lucidum present, thicker spinosum and corneum, dermal papillae are higher with epidermal ridges, lacks hair follicles, has more sweat glands! |
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various exocrine glands associated with the skin
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1. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
2. Sebaceous (oil) glands |
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Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
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distributed over the entire skin surface except the nipples and parts of the external genitalia.
Merorcrine sweat glands: regulation of body temperature thru evaporation, and has a role in waste elimination Apocrine sweat glands: found mainly in the skin of groin and bearded region of the skin in adult males. secrete products into hair follicles, play a minor role in thermoregulation, SECRETION begins at puberty. |
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