Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 1C (Basic Life Processes And Homeostasis)

Front 1

metabolism

Back 1

the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the human body
there are 2 phases
catabolism
anabolism

Front 2

basic life processes

Back 2

certain processes that distinguish organisms (living things) from non-living things
there are 6 important life processes of the human body

Front 3

catabolism

catabol=throwing down; ism=condition

Back 3

the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

Front 4

anabolism

anobol=raising up; ism=condition

Back 4

building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

Front 5

responsiveness

Back 5

body's ability to detect and respond to changes

Front 6

movement

Back 6

includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells

Front 7

growth

Back 7

increase in body size that results from an increase in
size of existing cells,
number of cells, or both;
also tissue can increase because the amount of material between cells increases

Front 8

differentiation

Back 8

development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
unspecialized presursor cells (ancestor cells)
aka: stem cells

Front 9

reproduction

Back 9

formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement or
the production of a new individual

Front 10

homeostasis

Back 10

a dynamic condition of equilibrium in the body's internal environment
due to interplay of the body's regulatory processes

Front 11

body fluids

Back 11

dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals
found inside cells as well as surrounding them

Front 12

intracellular fluid

intra=inside

Back 12

ICF
fluid within cells

Front 13

extracellular fluid

extra=outside

Back 13

ECF
fluid within cells

Front 14

interstitial fluid

Back 14

ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissues
aka
the body's internal environment

Front 15

blood plasma

Back 15

ECF within blood vessels

Front 16

lymph

Back 16

ECF within lymphatic vessels

Front 17

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 17

ECF in and around the brain and spinal cord

Front 18

synovial fluid

Back 18

ECF in joints

Front 19

aqueous humor and vitreous body

Back 19

ECF of the eyes

Front 20

feedback system
aka
feedback loop

Back 20

cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed,
remonitored, reevaluated ...

Front 21

controlled condition

Back 21

monitored variable in a feedback system

Front 22

stimulus

Back 22

any disruption that changes the controlled condition of a feedback system

Front 23

3 basic components of a
feedback system

Back 23

receptor
control center
effector

Front 24

receptor

Back 24

monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center

Front 25

control center

Back 25

sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained;
evaluates the input it receives from receptors;
generates output commands when needed, usually in the form of
nerve impulses or hormones

Front 26

effector

Back 26

body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition
nearly every organ of tissue can behave as an effector

Front 27

negative feedback system

Back 27

reverses a change in a controlled condition-
the response will slow and then stop as the controlled condition returns to normal-
regulates conditions in the body that remain fairly stable
(ie. blood pressure, temperature...)

Front 28

positive feedback system

Back 28

strengthen or reinforces a change in a controlled condition-
continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism-
reinforces conditions that do not happen very often
(ie. blood loss, childbirth...)

Front 29

disorder

Back 29

any abnormality of structure or function

Front 30

disease

Back 30

illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

Front 31

local disease

Back 31

disease that affects one part or a limited region of the body

Front 32

systemic disease

Back 32

disease that affects the entire body or several parts of it

Front 33

symptoms

Back 33

subjective changes in body function that are not apparent to an observer

Front 34

signs

Back 34

objective changes that a clinician can observe and measure; they can be
anatomical(ie. swelling or rash)
physiological (ie. fever, high blood pressure, paralysis)

Front 35

epidemiology

epi=upon; demi=people

Back 35

science that deals with why, when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted

Front 36

pharmacology

pharmac= drug

Back 36

science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease

Front 37

diagnosis

dia=through; gnosis=knowledge

Back 37

science and skill of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another