Anatomy & Physiology

Front 1

Major Endocrine Glands

Back 1

Pineal, Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal, Testes, Ovaries

Front 2

Pineal

Back 2

Melatonin

Front 3

Hypothalamus

Back 3

IH or RH

Front 4

posterior pituitary

Back 4

oxytocin, adh

Front 5

Anterior pituitary

Back 5

MSH, PRL, ACTH, FSH, LH, HGH, TSH

Front 6

Thyroid

Back 6

T3, T4, Calcitonin

Front 7

parathyroid

Back 7

pth

Front 8

adrenal cortex

Back 8

adrenal sex hormone, cortisol (glucocorticoid), aldosterone (mineralcorticoid)

Front 9

adrenal medulla

Back 9

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Front 10

pancreas

Back 10

glucagon-delta cells, insulin- beta cells, somatostatin-delta cells

Front 11

testes

Back 11

testosterone

Front 12

ovaries

Back 12

estrogen- follicular cells, progesterone- corpus luteum

Front 13

The pancreas....

Back 13

only endocrine gland that has both enocrine and exocrine functions

Front 14

nervous system

Back 14

pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Front 15

gonads

Back 15

male and female primary reproductive organs (testes, ovaries)

Front 16

gonadotropins

Back 16

hormones produced by th gonads (fsh, LH)

Front 17

Hypothalamus

Back 17

control secretion of hormones of the pituitary by way of releasing and inhibiting hormones

Front 18

FSH

Back 18

males- sperm production, females- follicle/ovum maturation

Front 19

LH

Back 19

males- secretion of testosteron, females- ovulation

Front 20

PRL

Back 20

milk production

Front 21

ACTH

Back 21

control secretion of hormones of the adrenal cortex

Front 22

TSH

Back 22

contorl hormones produced by the thyroid gland

Front 23

HGH

Back 23

growth of tissues

Front 24

MSH

Back 24

production of melanocytes in the skin

Front 25

Oxytocin

Back 25

contraction of smooth muscles in the uterus during labor

Front 26

ADH

Back 26

reabsorption of water, increases blood pressure

Front 27

Melatonin

Back 27

control of sleeping patterns (circadian rhythms) and emotions

Front 28

T3 & T4

Back 28

regulates rate of metabolism

Front 29

calcitonin

Back 29

decreases blood calcium levels

Front 30

parathyroid hormone

Back 30

increase blood calcium levels

Front 31

Thymosin

Back 31

maturation of T lymphocytes

Front 32

aldosteron(mineralcorticoid)

Back 32

reabsorption of water and sodium ions, increase blood pressure

Front 33

cortisol( glucocorticoids)

Back 33

control the rate of glucose metabolism

Front 34

adrenal sex hormone

Back 34

supplement male sex hormones

Front 35

norepinephrine and epinephrine

Back 35

adrenalin, affect heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate

Front 36

glucagon

Back 36

increase blood glucose level

Front 37

insulin

Back 37

decrease blood glucose level

Front 38

estrogen

Back 38

development and maintence of ovarian follicle, ovulation

Front 39

progesterone

Back 39

preparation for implantation

Front 40

testosterone

Back 40

development and maintenance of secondary male characteristics and sperm production

Front 41

exocrine glands

Back 41

glands that secrete substances that lead to the outside of the body by means of ducts. (sweat glands or sebaceous glands)

Front 42

endocrine glands

Back 42

glands that secrete substances directly into body fluid without ducts. they are often referred to as ductless glands. ( pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thymus)

Front 43

hormones

Back 43

chemical (organic) compounds secreted by endocrine glands, that affects the functions of other cells

Front 44

target cells

Back 44

cells affected by the hormones secreted by endocrine glands

Front 45

steroid hormones

Back 45

they are soluble in lipids. include hormones synthesized in the adrenal cortex and testes ex ( testosterone, aldosterone, and cortisol)

Front 46

non-steroid hormones

Back 46

amines, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins

Front 47

amines

Back 47

synthesized in the adrenal medulla. ex ( norepinephrine, epinephrine)

Front 48

Peptides

Back 48

hormones of the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary
ex ADH, OT, TRH, GnRH

Front 49

Proteins

Back 49

include hormones from the parathyroid and some from the anterior pituitary
ex PTH, HGH, PRL

Front 50

Glycoproteins

Back 50

made up of protein and carbohydrate. include hormones from the anterior pituitary.
ex FSH, LH, TSH

Front 51

regulation of hormones secreted by endocrine glands

Back 51

negative feedback

Front 52

positive feedback

Back 52

release of tropic hormones from the hpothalamus controls secretions of the anterior pituitary (inhibting/releasing) hormones

Front 53

action of steroid hormones

Back 53

enter easily into the cell since they are soluble in lipids. cell membrane is made up of double layer of phospholipid molecules

Front 54

action of non steroid hormones

Back 54

since they are not lipids, cannot pass easily across cell membranes.

Front 55

HGH hyposecretion

Back 55

anterior pituitary
Dwarfism

Front 56

hypersecretion of HGH

Back 56

anterior pituitary
gigantism-children
acromegaly- adults

Front 57

hyposecretion of ADH

Back 57

posterior pituitary
diabetes insipidus

Front 58

hyposecretion of insulin

Back 58

pancreas
diabetes mellitus