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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Acid

ASS-id
Substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions; substance with a pH of less than 7.0

acid-sour
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

ah-DEN-o-sen
try-FOS-fate
chemical compound that provides energy for use by body cells

(blend of adenine and ribose)
tri-three
phosph-phosphorus
ate-oxygen
Amino Acid

ah-MEE-no
ASS-id
type of chemical unit from which proteins are built

amino-NH2
acid-sour
Anabolism

ah-NAB-o-lizem
cells making complex molecules (for example, hormones) form simpler compounds (for example, amino acids) opposite of catabolism

anabol-build up
ism-action
Atom

AT-om
smallest particle of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element; particles that combine to form molecules (chemical building blocks)

atom- indivsible
Base

BAYS
substance that ionizes in water to decrease the number of hydrogen ions; also known as alkaline

bas-foundation
Buffer

BUFF-er
compound that combines with an acid or with a base to form a weaker acid or base, thereby lessening the change in hydrogen ion concentration that would occur without the buffer; often operates as buffer pairs

buffe-cushion
er-agent
Carbohydrate

kar-bo-HYE-drate
organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in certain specific proportions; for example, sugars, starches, and cellulose

carbo-carbon
hydr-hydrogen
ate-oxygen
Catobolism

kah-TAB-o-lizem
breakdown of food compounds or cytoplasmic constituents into simpler compounds; opposite of anabolism

cata-against
bol-to throw
ism-condition
Compound

KOM-pownd
a chemical combination of two or more elements

compound-put together
Covalent Bond

ko-VAYL-ent
bond
chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons

co-with
valen-power
bond-band
Decomposition Reaction

dee-KAHM-poh-sih-shun
ree-AK-shun
chemical reaction that breaks down a substance into two or more simpler substances

de-opposite of
compo-to assemble
tion-process
re-again
action-action
Dehydration Synthesis

dee-hye-DRAY-shun
SIN-the-sis
anabolic process by which molecules are joined to form larger molecules

de-from
hydrat-water
tion-process
synthesis-putting together
Denature

de-NAYT-shur
to alter the shape of a protein by a change in pH, heat, or some other manner to change its chemical properties

de-romove
nature-nature
Electrolyte

e-LEK-tro-lite
substance that dissociates into ions in solution, rendering the solution capable of conducting an electric current

electro-electricity
lyt-loosening
Element

EL-em-ent
substance composed of only one type of atom that cannot be broken into simpler constituents by chemical means

element-first principle
Energy Level
limited region surrounding the nucleus of an atom at a certain distance containing electrons; also called a shell

en-in
erg-work
y-state
Exchange Reaction
chemical reaction that breaks down a compound and then synthesizes a new compound by switching portions of the molecules; for example, AB+CD>AD+BC

ex-from
change-to change
re-again
action-action
Functional Group

FUNK-shun-al
groop
small cluster of atoms in an organic molecule that gives the molecule particular functional characteristics such as certain chemical binding properties; often represented generically by the letter R

func-tion-to perform
al-relating to
Functional Protein

FUNK-shun-al
PRO-teen
category of proteins that affect the functional operations of a a cell; contrast to structural protein

funtion-to perform
al-relating to
prote-primary
in-substance
High-Energy Bond
chemical bond that requires an input of energy to form and when broken can result in the transfer of useful energy to cellular processes, as in ATP

en-in
erg-work
y-state
bond-band
Hydrolysis

hye-DROL-i-sis
chemical process in which a compound is split by addition of H*and OH- portions of a water molecule

hydro-water
lysis-loosening
Ion

EYE-on
electrically charged atom or group of atoms

ion-to go
Ionic Bond
electrocovalent bond; bond formed by transferring of electrons from one atom to another

ion-to go
bond-band
Isotope

EYE-so-tope
atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights

iso-equal
tope-place
Lipid

LIP-id
class of organic compounds that includes fats, oils, and related substances

lip-fat
ed-form
Metabolism

me-TAB-o-lizem
complex, intertwining set of chemical processes by which life is made possible for a living organism

metabol-change
ism-condition
Molecule

MOL-eh-kyool
formed when two or more atoms join

mole-mass
cul-small
Nonpolar

non-PO-lar
describes a covalent chemical bond (or covelently bonded molecule) in which there is equal sharing of electrons and therfore no distinct areas of electrical charge

non-not
pol-pole
ar-relating to
Nucleic Acid

noo-KLAY-ik
ASS-id
any of the high-molecular-weight organic compounds compsed of nucleotides, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group

nucle- nut kernel
ic-relating to
acid-sour
Nucleotide

NOO-klee-oh-tide
monomer made up of three types of chemical groups (sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) that can act alone or to make up a polymer (nucleic acid)

nucleo-nut or kernel
ide-chemical
Octet Rule

ok-TET
rool
general principle in chemistry whereby atoms usually form bonds in ways that will provide each atom with an outer shell of eight electrons

octet-group of eight
Peptide Bond

PEP-tyde
bond
bond that forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

pept-digest
ide-chemical
pH

pee AYCH
units by which acid and base concentrations (relative H+ ion concentrations) are measured; scale ranges from O (extremely acidic; high H+ concentration) to 14 (extremely basic, or alkaline; low H+ concentration)

p-potenz power
h-hydrogen
Phospholipid

fos-fo-LIP-id
phosphate containing fat molecule; and important constituent of cell membranes

phospho-phosphorus
lip-fat
id-form
acidosis

ass-i-DOE-sis
condition in which there is and excessive proportion of acid in the blood and thus an abnormally low blood pH; opposite of alkalosis

acid-sour
osis-condition
Prostaglandin

pross-tah-GLAN-din
any of a group of naturally occurring lipid-based substances that act in a hormone-like way to affect many body functions, including vasodilation, uterine smooth muscle contraction, and the inflammatory response

pro-before
stat-set or place (prostate)
gland-acorn
in-substance
Protein

PRO-teen
large molecules formed by linkage of amino acids by peptide bonds; one of the basic building blocks of the body

prote-primary
in-substance
Radioactivity

ray-dee-o-ak-TIV-it-ee
the ongoing process of emitting subatomic particles and electromagnetic radiation

radio-send out rays
Radioisotope

ray-dee-oh-EYE-so-tope
an isotope that is unstable and undergoes nuclear breakdown

radio-send out rays
iso-equal
tope-place
Reversible Reaction

ree-VER-si-bl
ree-AK-shun
when the products of a chemical raction change back to the original reactants; generally, an equilibrium of products and reactants exists

re-again
vers-turn
ible-able to
re-again
action-action
Steroid

STAYR-oid
any of a class of lipids related to serols and forming numerous reproductive and adrenal homones

ster-sterol
oid-like
Structural Protein

STRUK-cher-al
PRO-teen
any of a category of proteins with the primary function of forming structures of the cell or tissue, contrast with functional protein

structura-arrangement
al-relating to
prote-primary
in-substance
Synthesis

SIN-the-sis
combination, as in the combination of molecules to from a larger molecule

synthes-put together
is-process of
Triglyceride

try-GLISS-er-yde
lipid that is synthesized from fatty acids and glycerol or from excess glucose or amino acids; stored mainly in adipose tissue cells

tri-three
glycer-sweet
ide-chemical
hypercapnia

hye-per-KAP-nee-ah
excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

hyper-above
capn-vapor (CO2)
ia-condition
Radiation Sickness

ray-dee-AY-shun
SIK-ness
a condition caused by ionizing radiation that can be mild to servere, or even fatal, depending on the level of radiation exposure and the length of time exposed; exposure at lower doses of radiation can result in headache, nausea and vomiting, appetite loss, and diarrhea; exposure to low doses for a longer period of time or a single high-level exposure may cause sterility, damage to fetal development, cancer (including lueukemia), cataracts, hair loss, and skin damage
Toxin

TOK-sin
poison, chemical that can cause sickness or damage in the body

toxin-poison