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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The presence of the iliac crest signifies the location of which vertebrae?
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L4
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Where does the spinal cord end?
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Vertebral level L1
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What is the peripheral nervous system comprised of?
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12 paired cranial nerves, and 31 paired spinal nerves
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What is the difference between somatic and autonomic nerves?
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Somatic nerves go to body wall
Autonomic nerves go to viscera |
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What is the conus medullaris?
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The terminal end of the spinal cord around vertebrae L1 and L2
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What is the cauda equina?
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The end of the spinal cord that consists solely of nerve roots without solid spine.
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From where would one obtain CSF from a LP?
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The sub-arachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. Technically anywhere between L2-S2, but specifically between L2 and L5, because the sacrum are fused together
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What are the three types of membranes found in the nervous system?
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Dura mater--outer
Arachnoid mater-- middle, though right up against the dura mater; of a filmy web-like consistency Pia mater--inner membrane that touches the brain itself |
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Where do the dura and arachnoid maters end?
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Vertebra S2, while the pia mater remains on the spinal cord
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What is the epidural space?
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The space outside of the dura mater
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What is the difference between a dorsal root and a ventral root?
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A ventral root is entirely motor, while a dorsal root is entirely sensory.
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How are spinal nerves named?
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They are named in relation to the vertebrae between which they pass.
Ex: C1 goes between vertebrae C1 and C2 |
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What is the general distribution of spinal nerves?
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C1-T1: neck and upper limb
T1-L1: trunk L1-S3: lower limb S2-S4: perineum |
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An injury at what nerve position will result in quadraplegia?
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C5 or above
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An injury at what position will result in the loss of respiratory muscle function?
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An injury at C3 or above
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At injury at what position will result in varying degrees of paraplegia (depending on the severity of the injury)?
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Below C5
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What is the dural sac?
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The end of the dura mater around S2
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What is the purpose of an LP?
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1. Measures CSF pressure
2. Sample for pathological analyses 3. Deliver anesthetics |
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At what position is anesthetic given to infants and younger children and why?
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The epidural space because as the spinal cord/torso is still small, the dural sac is located lower.
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What is a myotome?
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Muscles innervated by a particular corresponding part of the spinal cord.
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What is a dermatome?
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That area of skin that distributes its sensory input to the spinal cord. This is key for indicating location of an anesthetic.
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What are the key locations of dermatomes?
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T4--around nipple
T10--umbilicus L1--groin |
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What is the nerve position of a slipped disk?
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A slipped disk will affect the nerve that exits below it in the next intervertebral foramen
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What areas of the body does the autonomic nervous system innervate?
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Smooth muscle, glands, and the heart.
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From where do the parasympathetic nerves arise?
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S2-S4 (+4 cranial nerves)
-nothing to do with sympathetic ganglia -nothing in 31 pairs of spinal nerves b/c nothing to do with body wall |
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What is the responsibility of the vagus nerve?
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Cranial nerve X, which arises in the brain and provides parasympathetic innervation throughout entire body.
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Where do sympathetic nerves arise?
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Only T1-L2 segments.
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Sympathetic innervation to all structures above the head arise from what segments of the spinal cord?
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T1-T4
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How do the somatic and autonomic nerve systems differ?
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Somatic is voluntary movement and only contains one neuron.
The autonomic system is mostly involuntary and is a two-neuron system (pre- and post-ganglionic neurons) |
