Anatomy - Pelvic Viscera

Front 1

Contractions of the bladder acts as a sphincter on these paired tubes

Back 1

Ureters

Front 2

The neck of the bladder is the only part of the bladder connected to something.

What is it connected to?

Back 2

In males: Attached to the prostate gland by puboprostatic ligaments

In females: Head to pelvic diphragm by pubovesical ligaments

Front 3

The ____ muscle consists of three layers running in different directions

Back 3

detrusor

Front 4

The internal urethral orifice is a _______ sphincter.

Back 4

physiological sphincter. It is not an anatomical sphincter.

Opposing arcades of muscle form a functional involuntary sphincter

Front 5

The sensation of fullness and desire to urinate is mediated by ____________ afferents.

Back 5

Parasympathetic afferents from the bladder wall.

Front 6

The bladder emptying reflex is the result of ___________ innervation of the detrusor muscle.

Back 6

Parasympathetic

Also aided by voluntary relaxation of the sphincter urethrae muscle

Front 7

Parasympathetic fibers also transmit ______ from distention of the bladder

Back 7

pain

Front 8

During ejaculation, ___________ innervation of the internal urethral sphincter causes active contraction of the bladder neck.

Back 8

Sympathetic innervation

This prevents seminal fluid from entering the bladder

Front 9

This portion begins at the internal urethral orifice and ends at the superior fascia of the urogenital ridge.

Back 9

The prostatic urethra

Front 10

The orifices of the ________ ducts are on each side of the opening of the prostatic utricle

Back 10

Ejaculatory

Front 11

Contractions of the bladder acts as a sphincter on these paired tubes

Back 11

Ureters

Front 12

The neck of the bladder is the only part of the bladder connected to something.

What is it connected to?

Back 12

In males: Attached to the prostate gland by puboprostatic ligaments

In females: Head to pelvic diphragm by pubovesical ligaments

Front 13

The ____ muscle consists of three layers running in different directions

Back 13

detrusor

Front 14

The internal urethral orifice is a _______ sphincter.

Back 14

physiological sphincter. It is not an anatomical sphincter.

Opposing arcades of muscle form a functional involuntary sphincter

Front 15

The sensation of fullness and desire to urinate is mediated by ____________ afferents.

Back 15

Parasympathetic afferents from the bladder wall.

Front 16

The bladder emptying reflex is the result of ___________ innervation of the detrusor muscle.

Back 16

Parasympathetic

Also aided by voluntary relaxation of the sphincter urethrae muscle

Front 17

Parasympathetic fibers also transmit ______ from distention of the bladder

Back 17

pain

Front 18

During ejaculation, ___________ innervation of the internal urethral sphincter causes active contraction of the bladder neck.

Back 18

Sympathetic innervation

This prevents seminal fluid from entering the bladder

Front 19

This portion begins at the internal urethral orifice and ends at the superior fascia of the urogenital ridge.

Back 19

The prostatic urethra

Front 20

The orifices of the ________ ducts are on each side of the opening of the prostatic utricle

Back 20

Ejaculatory

Front 21

Contractions of the bladder acts as a sphincter on these paired tubes

Back 21

Ureters

Front 22

The neck of the bladder is the only part of the bladder connected to something.

What is it connected to?

Back 22

In males: Attached to the prostate gland by puboprostatic ligaments

In females: Head to pelvic diphragm by pubovesical ligaments

Front 23

The ____ muscle consists of three layers running in different directions

Back 23

detrusor

Front 24

The internal urethral orifice is a _______ sphincter.

Back 24

physiological sphincter. It is not an anatomical sphincter.

Opposing arcades of muscle form a functional involuntary sphincter

Front 25

The sensation of fullness and desire to urinate is mediated by ____________ afferents.

Back 25

Parasympathetic afferents from the bladder wall.

Front 26

Contractions of the bladder acts as a sphincter on these paired tubes

Back 26

Ureters

Front 27

The bladder emptying reflex is the result of ___________ innervation of the detrusor muscle.

Back 27

Parasympathetic

Also aided by voluntary relaxation of the sphincter urethrae muscle

Front 28

The neck of the bladder is the only part of the bladder connected to something.

What is it connected to?

Back 28

In males: Attached to the prostate gland by puboprostatic ligaments

In females: Head to pelvic diphragm by pubovesical ligaments

Front 29

Parasympathetic fibers also transmit ______ from distention of the bladder

Back 29

pain

Front 30

The ____ muscle consists of three layers running in different directions

Back 30

detrusor

Front 31

During ejaculation, ___________ innervation of the internal urethral sphincter causes active contraction of the bladder neck.

Back 31

Sympathetic innervation

This prevents seminal fluid from entering the bladder

Front 32

The internal urethral orifice is a _______ sphincter.

Back 32

physiological sphincter. It is not an anatomical sphincter.

Opposing arcades of muscle form a functional involuntary sphincter

Front 33

This portion begins at the internal urethral orifice and ends at the superior fascia of the urogenital ridge.

Back 33

The prostatic urethra

Front 34

The sensation of fullness and desire to urinate is mediated by ____________ afferents.

Back 34

Parasympathetic afferents from the bladder wall.

Front 35

The orifices of the ________ ducts are on each side of the opening of the prostatic utricle

Back 35

Ejaculatory

Front 36

The bladder emptying reflex is the result of ___________ innervation of the detrusor muscle.

Back 36

Parasympathetic

Also aided by voluntary relaxation of the sphincter urethrae muscle

Front 37

Parasympathetic fibers also transmit ______ from distention of the bladder

Back 37

pain

Front 38

During ejaculation, ___________ innervation of the internal urethral sphincter causes active contraction of the bladder neck.

Back 38

Sympathetic innervation

This prevents seminal fluid from entering the bladder

Front 39

This portion begins at the internal urethral orifice and ends at the superior fascia of the urogenital ridge.

Back 39

The prostatic urethra

Front 40

The orifices of the ________ ducts are on each side of the opening of the prostatic utricle

Back 40

Ejaculatory

Front 41

This passes through the sphincter urethrae and fasciae of the urogenital diaphragm

Back 41

The membranous urethrae

Least dilatable portion of the urethra

On each side is a bulbourethral gland

Front 42

The ducts of the bulbourethral glands enter the proximal part of the ______urethra

Back 42

Spongy

Front 43

Enters the abdominal cavity through the deep inguinal ring

Retroperitoneal throughout its course

Enlarges to form a dilated ampulla.

Back 43

Ductus deferens

After dilating, it narrows before it joints the duct of the seminal vesicle, where it forms the ejaculatory duct

Front 44

Lobulated glands the size of a small finger.

Attached to the posterior aspect of the bladder.

Superior portion is covered with peritoneum

Back 44

Seminal vesicles

Do not store sperm.

Release a thick, alkaline secretion that forms most of the seminal fluid

Front 45

Formed by the union of the:
1. Ductus deferens
2. Duct of the seminal vesicle

Back 45

Ejaculatory ducts.

Each tube lies almost completely within the prostate

Front 46

Partly glandular, partly fibromuscular.

Located between the neck of the bladder and superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

Back 46

Prostate gland

Most of the prostatic ducts open into prostatic sinuses and release a thin, milky fluid that contains 1/5th of the semen

Front 47

The ____ urethra and _____ ducts pass through the substance of the prostate.

Divides it into a middle lobe (superior to utricle)

And

Two lateral lobes (continuous posteriorly)

Back 47

Prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts

Front 48

Its orientation is parallel to the pelvic brim.

However, it lies almost at a right angle to the axis of the uterus

Back 48

Vagina

Front 49

1. Anterior fornix
2. Posterior fornix
3. Lateral fornices

What do these recesses surround?

Back 49

The cervix

The posterior is the deepest, which is surrounded by rectouterine pouch peritoneum

Front 50

The uterus communicates with the vagina through the _____ ostium

Back 50

uterine ostium (aka external os)

Front 51

Geography of the uterus:

Upper 2/3rds is called the body

The lower 1/3rd is called the _____

Back 51

Cervix

Front 52

The rounded part of the body superior the the entrance of the uterine tubes is the _____

Back 52

fundus

Front 53

The uterus is normally bent anteriorly between the ____ and ____

Back 53

Cervix and body

The uterus is normally anteverted, thus, it is mainly horizontal in position

Front 54

Derivatives of the embryonic gubernacula that attached to the uterus near the uterotubal junction

Back 54

1. Round ligaments of the uterus

2. Ligaments of the ovary


The ligaments and body of the uterus are enclosed by the broad ligament

Front 55

Thse tubes allow communication between the peritoneal cavity and the exterior of the body

Back 55

Uterine tubes.

Consists of:
1. Infundibulum
2. Ampulla
3. Isthmus
4. Uterine part

Front 56

The _______ is the funnel-shaped distal end of the tube next to the ovary

Back 56

infundibulum

The margins have fringed edges called fimbriae

Front 57

The ___ is the widest and longest part of the uterine tube, while the ____ is the short, narrow portion that joins the uterus.

Back 57

Ampulla (long)

Isthmus (short)

Front 58

the _____ passes through the uterine wall

Back 58

uterine part of the uterine tube

Front 59

1. Mesovarium
2. Ligament of the ovary
3. Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Back 59

The many connections of the ovary

Front 60

The ovary is attached to a part of the broad ligament called the ___________

Back 60

mesovarium

The ovarian surface is not covered by peritoneum.

Front 61

Each ovary is attached to the ________ by the ligament of the ovary

Back 61

uterus

Front 62

The superior end of the ovary is also connected to the pelvic brim by a fold of peritoneum.

What is this peritoneum called?

Back 62

The suspensory ligament of the ovary.

Also conducts the ovarian vessels and nerves

Front 63

1. Pelvic diaphragm (esp. pubic portions of levator ani)
2. Urogenital diaphragm
3. Uterosacral ligaments
4. Transverse cervical ligaments
5. Broad ligament and round ligaments

Back 63

Support structures of female viscera

Front 64

The ______ ligaments pass from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum

Hold the cervix posterosuperiorly

Back 64

Uterosacral ligaments

Front 65

Extend along the bse of the broad ligament.

From the cervix to the lateral pelvix walls.

Also serve to hold the cervix immobile

Back 65

Transverse cervical ligaments (aka cardinal or Mackenrodt's ligaments)

Front 66

These two ligaments help to hold the uterus in its relatively normal position

Back 66

1. Broad ligament
2. Round ligaments

Front 67

The space between the bladder and rectum in the male

Back 67

Rectovesical pouch

Front 68

Vesicouterine pouch

Back 68

Separates the body of the uterus from the bladder

Front 69

Separates the uterus from the rectum

The inferior part of this pouch is on the posterior fornix of the vagina

Back 69

Rectouterine pouch

Front 70

The broad ligament is continuous with the _______ ligaments of the ovary.

Back 70

suspensory

Front 71

The ______ fold contains the uterine tube

Back 71

broad

Front 72

This part is next to the sides of the uterus

Back 72

Mesometrium

Front 73

The posterior portion of the broad ligament is attached to the ovary

Back 73

Mesovarium

Front 74

This part is superior to the mesovarium and surrounds the uterine tube

Back 74

Mesosalpinx

Front 75

The underlying ___________ ligaments produce the rectouterine/sacrogenital folds (male)

Back 75

uterosacral ligaments

Front 76

Hypertrophy of the prostate can block urinary flow. Which lobe is especially vunerable?

Back 76

The middle lobe.

Front 77

Pelvic inflammatory disease causes _______ of the uterine tubes

Back 77

blockage

leads to infertility

Front 78

_____ is the protrusion of pelvic viscera through the pelvic floor to the vagina.

Results from tearing of the pelvic diaphragm or cervical ligaments during childbirth

Back 78

Prolapse

Front 79

Access to the peritoneal cavity to drain blood, fluid, or pus from the rectouterine pouch can be obtained through the ________ fornix of the vagina

Back 79

posterior