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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
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Physiology
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concerns the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
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Gross Anatomy (macroscopic)
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study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, & kidneys.
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Microscopic anatomy
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study of structures too small to see with the naked eye
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Principle of complementarity of structure & function
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Function is dependent on structure, and that the form of a structure relates to its function.
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Chemical level
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simplest level of organization
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Atoms
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tiny bldg blocks of matter, combine to form molecules
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molecules
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combine in specific ways to form organelles, wh are the basic unit of living cells
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tissue
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consists of similar types of cells
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organs
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made up of similar types of tissues
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organ systems
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consists of dif. Organs that work closely together
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oranismal level
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the total of all structures working together to promote life. We are at organismal level. We have numerous organ systems
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Homeostasis
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chemical, thermal, & neural factors interact to maintain homeostasis. The ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment, regardless of environmental chages. Process of maintaining stability. The internal envir. Of body is in dynamic state of equilibrium.
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Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
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Components: Receptor, Control Center, Effector, Negative Feedback, Positive Feedback, Hoeostatic imbalance often results in disease
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Receptor
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monitors the envir. & responds to changes (stimuli).
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Control Center
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determines the set point @ wh/ the variable is maintained
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Effector:
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provides the means to respond to the stimulus e.g. hormone
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Negative Feedback
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Neg output shuts off the original stimulus, e.g. regulation of glucose
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Positive Feedback
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output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus, e.g. regulation of blood clotting
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Anatomical Position
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Body is erect, palms face forward, thumbs point away from the body. Right and left refer to the right and left sides of the person viewed not the observer.
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Directional Terms
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used to explain where one body part is in relation to another
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Regional Terms
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2 fundamental regions are axial: main axis of our body includes the head, neck, & trunk. Appendicular: consist of the appendages or limbs wh/ are attached to the body's axis.
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Body Planes
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saggital, median, midsagittal, frontal, transverse (horizontal plane or cross section), oblique sections
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sagittal
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vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
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median
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saggital plane that lies exactly in the midline or midsaggital plane
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frontal
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vertically divide the body into anterior and posterior parts (front & back)
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transverse
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runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts sometimes called cross section
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oblique section
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cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes. Not used much.
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Abdominopelvic Regions & quadrants
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9 regions used primarily by anatomists. 4 quadrants are used primarily by medical personnel.
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umbilical region
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centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel)
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epigastric region
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located superior to the umbilical region (upper middle of nine regions)
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hypogastric region
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located inferior to the umbilical region (hypo=below)
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right & left iliac or inguinal region
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located lateral to the hypogastric region (iliac = superior part of the hip bone)
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right & left lumbar region
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lie lateral to the umbilical region (lumbus = loin)
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right & left hypochondriac regions
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flank the epigastric region laterally (chondro = cartilage)
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