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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three different types of muscle tissue?
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Skeletal Muscle, Smooth and Cardiac muscle tissue
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What is the function of Skeletal muscles
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movement of limbs, trunk, neck
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Where are Smooth Muscles cells located?
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Lining of digestive tract, urogenital system, airway, blood vessels
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Where are Cardiac muscles located
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The Heart
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what are the functions of cardiac muscles?
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Contracts intrinsically assisting in cirulation of blood
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What do Skeletal muscles do?
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Move bones, generate heat,
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How many Nuclei do skeletal muscles have?
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Multiple
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Are striations present in skeletal muscles
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yes
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How are the skeletal muscles cells shaped
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long, thin fibers,
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Is the nerve supply necessary for function
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yes
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Where are Cardiac muscles located
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The Heart
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Are skeletal muscles muscles controlled my voluntary or involuntary movements.
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Voluntary
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what action does the cardiac muscle serve
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pump blood
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how many nuclei do cardiac muscles have?
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single only one
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Are striations present in cardiac muscles?
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yes
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how are cardiac muscle cells shaped?
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branched
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Are cardiac muscles controled by voluntary or involuntary movements
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Involuntary
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smooth muscles are located in?
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Internal organs, blood vessels, eye.
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action of smooth muscle
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to produce movement in internal organs and structures.
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How many nuclei are located in smooth muscle cells
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single
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how are smooth muscle cells shaped?
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spindle
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What function does the nerve supply have on smooth muscles
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Visceral- modifies activity, not necessary for function
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Is smooth muscle controlled by voluntary or involuntary movements
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Involuntary
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Purpose of Contraction/relaxation in smooth muscles
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Mix and propel food in GIT, control distribution of blood(bl. vessels), Diameter of pupil(eye)
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Purpose of contraction/relaxation in skeletal muscles
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locomotion and respiration
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What is the skeletal muscle organization.
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they are arranged in bundles surrounded by connective tissue
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what are the different parts of the Skeletal muscle bundles?
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Endomysium; CT between individual muscle fibers, Perimysium; sheath surrounding bundles of muscle fibers, Epimysium; CT around and entire muscle
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Arrangement of muscle fibers.
Define Parallel, Fusiform, and Pennate |
Parallel-muscle shortening but weak,
Fusiform-Spindle Pennate- feather-like, increase power of a muscle |
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Tendons are..
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cords/bands, Flat fibrous sheets(aponeurosis) assoc. w/ flat muscle (eg Loin), Linea alba
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Muscle attachments at the origin of a tendon are?
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a less mobile attachment
(fixed) |
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Tendons at the insertion are?
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more moveable attachment Eg Biceps Branchii(scapula & Radius)
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Physical characteristic Nomenclature
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Action (Superficial digital Flexor)
shape (trapezoid), Location(biceps branchill) Direction of fibers(rectusabdominis) number of heads.divisions( biceps/triceps/quadriceps attachment sites |
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Functional grouping
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Flexor, extensor, adductor, abductor, sphincter, cutaneous
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Example of flexor
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biceps brachii flexes the elbow
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Example of extensor
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Triceps branchii
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Example of adductor
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Superficial/ deep pectoral
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Example of abductor
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deltoid
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Example of Sphincter
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encircle an opening (striated/ smooth) Eg pyloric sphincter
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Example of Cutaneous
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superficial fascia, movement of skin
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Agonist
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muscle directly responsible for producing an action
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Antagonist
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muscle that opposes an action
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synergism
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muscle that oppose undersired action of agonist eg the elbow flexion.
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Muscles of the head
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M.orbicularis oculi, M. Zygomaticus, M. Buccinator, M orbicularis oris, M. Masseter
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Adductors
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pectoralis
subscapularis |
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Abductors
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Deltoideus
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Elbow joint extensors
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Triceps
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Elbow joint Flexors
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biceps brachii
Branchialis |
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Acting on hip joint
Extensors/ Hamstring group |
Hamstring
-Bicep femoris -Semitendinosus -semimembranosus |
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respiration muscles?
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diaphragm, intercostals
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Methods of drug administration
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Im or intra muscular injection
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Muscle for IM injection
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Fairly large, easily accessible, sufficiently thick. In Practice, only a few muscle are suitable in each species
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Dog and cats
Thoracic limb Muscle for IM injection? |
Triceps branchii
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Horse, cattle and goats
Neck Muscle for IM injection? |
Trapezius muscle
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Define osmosis
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Is the movement of water between cells, it uses the cell protein aqamorus channels to do the exchange.
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an example of suture joints in the skeleton is
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Skull
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synovial joints have a well-define joint capsule True or False
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True
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Hyperextension of fetlock joint is a normal physiologi movement in the horse t/f
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true
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tendon can be difined as ______
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connective tissue that joins muscle to bone
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