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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the diencephalon arise from?
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prosencephalon
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State the anterior posterior and lateral boundaries of the diencephalon?
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anterior: anterior commissure and lamina terminalis
posterior: posterior commissure lateral: internal capsule |
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State the superior, inferior and medial boundaries of the diencephalon?
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superior: transverse cerebral fissure/fornix
inferior: subarachnoid space, part of optic chiasm and part of mammillary body medial: third ventricle |
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The hypothalamus is part of the ___________ system.
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limbic
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WHich structure controls and integrates fiunctions of the ANS and endocrine system?
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hypothalamus
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the subthalamic nucleus is closely associated with?
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basal ganglia
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What are the two regions of the epithalamus?
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pineal gland
habenular nuclei |
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What is the pineal gland part of? what is the fucntions?
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part of epithalamus
f(x) circadian and circannual rhythms |
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The thalamus accounts for _____% of the diencephalon.
a) 20% b) 40% c) 50% d) 80% |
d
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What are the borders of the thalamus?
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anterior: interventricular foramen
inferior: hypothalamic sulcus superior: transverse cerebral fissure posterior: overlaps midbrain |
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What is separated by the internal medullary lamina?
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thalamic divisions (anterior, medial, lateral)
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WHt are intralaminar nuclei?
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thalamic nuclei located in internal medullary lamina
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Where is the pulvinar located?
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lateral thalamic division (dorsal tier)
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Name the 6 important areas of the VENTRAL tier of the lateral thalamic division.
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1. Ventral Anterior (VA)
2. Ventral Lateral (VL) 3. Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) 4. Ventral Posteromedial (VPM) 5. Lateral Geniculate Body (LGB) 6. Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) |
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all senses except _________ relay through the _________.
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olfaction; thalamus
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T or F: All parts of the cerebral cortex receive info from the thalamus.
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T
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Define relay nuclei
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receive well developed bundle of info as input and project to other specific cortical areas
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What is the major input site for association nuclei?
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cerebral cortex
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What are reticular nuclei
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regulate other THALAMIC nuclei;
all axons entering or leaving thalamus (except specific inputs) give off collaterals to neurons of reticular nuclei |
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Ventrolateral and Ventromedial thalamic nuclei are examples of?
a) motor relay nuclei b) sensory relay nuclei c) limbic relay nuclei d) auditory relay nuclei |
a
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Input for the motor relay nuclei (VA and VL) comes from?
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cerebellum & basal ganglia
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An example of sensory relay nuclei are:
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VPL
VPM |
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Where do VPL and VPM project to?
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somatosensory cortex
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escribe the input for VPL and VPM:
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- medial lemniscus (body: VPL; face: VPM)
- spinothalamic tract (body: VPL; face: VPM) - central tegmental tract (taste: VPM) |
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WHich thalamic area is respionsible for auditory relay nucleus
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MGN
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input for MGN?
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inferior colliculus
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Two limbic nuclei of the thalamus are:
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1. anterior nucleus (A)
2. lateral dorsal (LD) |
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both limbic nuclei of the thalamus project to ?q
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cingulate gyrus
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The dorsalmedial (DM) nucleus of the thalamus has prefrontal functions. Give examples?
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forethought
decision making predictions incentives |
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Describe the input and output of the dorsalmedial nucleus
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input: prefrontal cortex,olfactory and limbic systems
output: prefrontal cortex |
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formation of complex behavioural responses, especially in response to
visual information come from which area? |
pulvinar/lateral posterior (LP)
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pulvinar output and input?
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parietal, occipital, temporal lobes (esp visual)
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What do the midline and intralaminar nuclei do???
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mediate global changes to the
cerebral cortex – waking/consciousness (ARAS) – pain perception – selective attention |
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Name the limbs of the internal capsule
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- anterior
- genu - posterior - retrolenticular (contains part of optic radiation) - sublenticular (contains part of auditory radiation) |
