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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Torque |
Twisting a shaft (the ribcage) while not permitting one end (the vertebral column) to move |
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Boyle's Law |
If a gas is at a constant temperature, the PRESSURE and VOLUME are inversely proportional to one another... pv= pv |
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Positive pressure |
When the pressure within is greater than atmospheric |
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Negative pressure |
When the pressure within in lesser than atmospheric |
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Spirometer |
MEASURES LUNG VOLUME, you blow on a thing and the gas displaces the liquid in the chamber, causing liquid to rise |
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Spirogram |
Graphic recording of a spirometer |
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Manometer |
Measures respiratory pressure, pressure of expiration is applied to column of water, causing it to rise |
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Respiratory cycle |
One inspiration and one expiration |
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Quiet Tidal Respiration (TR) |
Quiet breathing pattern --Adults have 12-18 cycles per minute --500 mL per cycle --6-8 Liters of air per minute |
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Breaths per minute (BPM) |
--At rest, no significant sexual diferences --At heavy work, BPM of females is greater than that of males --Average BPM... ...........Newborn=40-70 ...........5 year old=25 ...........15 years old=20 |
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Components of Atmospheric Air
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78.6% NITROGEN 20.9% OXYGEN .04% CO2 .46% H20 |
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Components of Expired Air |
74.9% NITROGEN 13.7% OXYGEN 5.2% CO2 6.2% WATER |
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Rate of Flow |
Airflow in and out of the lungs (measured in cm per second or minute) |
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Lung volumes |
Discrete volumes, no one volume includes other volumes |
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Lung capacities |
Combinations of two or more volumes |
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Tidal Volume (TV) |
Volume of air exchanged in one cycle of respiration, active or passive |
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Resting Tidal Volume (RTV) |
Volume of air exchanged in one cycle of passive respiration |
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) |
Volume of air that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration |
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Expiration Reserve Volume (ERV) |
Volume of air that can be expired following tidal expiration, also know as resting lung volume. |
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Resting Volume (RV) |
Volume of air resting in lungs and passageways after maximum exhalation... dead air is part of this (just what can't be exchange in gas exchange) |
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Vital Capacity (VT) |
Volume of air that can be inhaled following a maximal exhalation.... VC = IRV + TV + ERV |
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Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) |
Volume of air in the body at the end of passive exhalation, including expiratory reserve and residual volume FRC = ERV + RV |
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Inspiratory Capacity (IC) |
Maximum inspiratory volume possible after a resting tidal respiration IC = RTV + IRV |
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Total Lung Capacity (TC) |
TC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV |
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Intraoral Pressure |
measured inside oral cavity |
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Subglottal Pressure |
measured below the vocal folds |
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Alveolar/pulmonic Pressure |
measure inside the lungs |
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Intrapleural Pressure |
measured between the parietal and visceral pleurea |
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Pressures of Speech |
To move vocal folds: 3-5 cm H2O Conversational Speech: 7-10 cm H2O To add stress to a word: +2 cm H2O |
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Eupnea |
normal quiet breathing |
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Hypernea |
abnormally increased tidal volume |
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Apnea |
cessation of breathing at the end of a normal expiration |
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Apneusis |
cessation of breathing in the inspiratory position |
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Cheyne-Stokes |
Several increases and then decreases in tidal volume |
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Biat's |
repeated sequences of deep gasps followed by apnea |
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Apiration |
the entry or removal of liquid or solid material from a cavity |
