Anatomy Of Phonation (Cont)

Front 1

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Back 1

Both origin & insertion are within larynx
Resp for making fine vocal adjustments
Adductors -
- lateral cricoarytenoid
- transverse arytenoid
- oblique arytenoid
Abductors -
- posterior cricoarytenoid
- glottal tensors (cricothyroid with pars recta and pars oblique, and thyrovocalis)
- glottal relaxers (thyromuscularis)

Front 2

Intrinsic adductor laryngel muscles (3)

Back 2

Lateral cricoarytenoids
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique Arytenoids

Front 3

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Lateral Cricoarytenoids

Back 3

paired muscle
O = superior lateral side of cricoid cartilage
I = muscular process of arytenoids
Func = adduct the vocal folds

Front 4

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Transverse arytenoid

Back 4

Unpaired muscle
O = lateral margin of posterior side of arytenoids
I = same
Func = adduct the vocal folds

Front 5

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Oblique arytenoids

Back 5

paired muscle
O = posterior base of muscular process of one arytenoid
I = apex of other arytenoid
Func = adduct the vocal folds

Front 6

Intrinsic Abductor Laryngeal Musccles (4)

Back 6

Posterior cricoarytenoid
Glottal tensors
- Cricothyroid (pars recta and pars oblique)
- Thyrovocalis
Glottal relaxer
- Thyromuscularis

Front 7

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Posterior Cricoarytenoids

Back 7

paired muscle
O = posterior cricoid
I = muscular process of arytenoid
Func = abduct the vocal folds (when they come together the vocal folds get blown apart)

Front 8

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Cricothyroid

Back 8

Glottal tensor
abducts the vocal folds
on anterior side
Pars recta (medial)
- O = anterior side of cricoid
- I = thyroid lamina
Pars Oblique (lateral)
pulls thyroid down and stretches vocal folds
When vocal folds contract, pitch goes up

Front 9

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Thyrovocalis

Back 9

Glottal tensor
abducts the vocal folds
paired muscle
basically is vocal folds
O = thyroid cartilage below thryroid notch
I = vocal process of arytenoids

Front 10

Thyroarytenoid

Back 10

Thyromuscularis + thyrovocalis
abduct the vocal folds

Front 11

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Thyromuscularis

Back 11

glottal relaxer
Abduct the vocal folds
also part of vocal folds (more lateral)
When contracts relaxes the vocal folds
O = thryoid cartilage
I = muscular process of arytenoids

Front 12

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles
Laryngeal elevators (6)

Back 12

Digastricus
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus

Front 13

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Digastricus

Back 13

anterior and posterior
Extrinsic laryngeal elevator
Anterior
- O = inner side of mandible
- I = post digastic and hyoid bone
posterior
- O = mastoid process
- I = meets up with ant digastric and hyoid bone

Front 14

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Sytlohyoid

Back 14

Extrinsic laryngeal elevator
O = styloid process
I = hyoid bone

Front 15

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Mylohyoid

Back 15

Extrinsic laryngeal elevator
O = underside of mandible
I = hyoid bone
Func = elevates larynx and hyoid bone

Front 16

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Geniohyoid

Back 16

Extrinsic laryngeal elevator
Superior to mylohyoid
O = mandible
I = hyoid

Front 17

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Genioglossus

Back 17

Extrinsic laryngeal elevator
O = mandible
I = tongue
Func = raises hyoid bone

Front 18

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Hyoglossus

Back 18

Extrinsic laryngeal elevator
o = hyoid bone
I = tongue
Func: raises the hyoid bone

Front 19

Extrinsic Laryngeal depressors (4)

Back 19

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

Front 20

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Sternohyoid

Back 20

Extrinsic laryngeal depressor
O = sternum
I = hyoid bone

Front 21

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Omohyoid

Back 21

Extrinsic Laryngeal depressor
Superior & Inferior bellies
O = scapula & part of hyoid
I = hyoid
Superior origin = hyoid

Front 22

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Thyrohyoid

Back 22

Extrinsic laryngeal depressor
O = Thyroid
I = hyoid bone

Front 23

Origin, Insertion, & Function of Sternothyroid

Back 23

Extrinsic laryngeal depressor
O = sternum
I = thyroid

Front 24

Nonspeech vs speech function

Back 24

Speech is an overlay function (there are 2 purposes to some parts of speech mechanism)
Nonspeech predates speech

Front 25

Nonspeech parts

Back 25

Coughing - to clear objects from trachea, vocal folds close tightly, build pressure, open with force
Throat clearing = similar to coughing, less violent, vocal folds are adducted
Both of these irritate the vocal folds
Therapeutic effects: to train vocal folds to work, to examine psychogenic voice - if person can clear their throat, they have a voice

Front 26

Abdominal fixation

Back 26

When you hold your breath and your vocal folds adduct, you create a stable part for other muscles to push against

Front 27

Vocal fold position during strenuous exercise

Back 27

abduct more widely

Front 28

Reflexes

Back 28

breathing
When you jump into cold water, your vocal folds abduct
(drinking alcohol suppresses this reflex)
Swallowing, vocal folds adduct to avoid food going down the trachea

Front 29

Speech component - 3 stages of phonation

Back 29

Vocal attack
Sustained phonation
Terminate phonation

Front 30

Vocal attack

Back 30

How vocal folds come together for phonation
3 kinds
- simultaneous = vocal folds adduct at same time they start phonating, like when using voiced consonants ("zoo")
- Breathy = vocal folds adduct but they're still slightly abducted ("Michael Jackson")
- Hard glottal = start off adducted, but they blow apart to start, like in 1st sounds

Front 31

Sustained phonation

Back 31

When vocal folds start to adduct, as they start to vibrate, hold vocal folds together ("say ah")

Front 32

Terminate phonation

Back 32

Abduct vocal folds just enough to stop vibration (end of "ah")

Front 33

Vocal register

Back 33

"mode"
series of notes or pitches that fall within a scale

Front 34

3 primary vocal registers

Back 34

Modal
Glottal fry ("pulse")
Falsetto
(Whistle)

Front 35

Modal vocal register

Back 35

most common, one we talk at
fundamental frequency (one that we hear)
Men 130 Hz, Women 230 Hz
2 methods of vocal fold movement:
- vertically (open and close inferiorally first)
- anterior-posterior (open from posterior, close from anterior)

Front 36

Glottal fry vocal register

Back 36

"pulse" register
below modal register
30 - 90 Hz
Pulsating sound (like with a tracheotomy)

Front 37

Falsetto vocal register

Back 37

3rd highest vocal register
highest for men
"mickey mouse" voice

Front 38

Whistle vocal register

Back 38

as high as 2500 Hz
only for women