Anatomy Of Pelvic Limb Misc.

Front 1

ante

Back 1

before

Front 2

apo

Back 2

from, seperate

Front 3

arcuate

Back 3

arc shaped

Front 4

artery

Back 4

windpipe

Front 5

condyle

Back 5

knuckle

Front 6

cox

Back 6

hip

Front 7

crural

Back 7

leg

Front 8

dia

Back 8

through, between

Front 9

dorsum

Back 9

back

Front 10

epi

Back 10

over, upon, in addition

Front 11

fascia

Back 11

band

Front 12

gemelli

Back 12

twin

Front 13

genu

Back 13

knee

Front 14

gluteal

Back 14

butt

Front 15

gracilis

Back 15

thin

Front 16

malleolus

Back 16

little hammer

Front 17

meta

Back 17

after, beyond, next to

Front 18

os

Back 18

mouth or bone

Front 19

osseus

Back 19

bony

Front 20

patella

Back 20

little plate

Front 21

pecten

Back 21

comb

Front 22

peroneal

Back 22

fibula

Front 23

pes

Back 23

foot

Front 24

physis

Back 24

to generate

Front 25

piriformis

Back 25

pear-shaped

Front 26

plexus

Back 26

braid

Front 27

popliteal

Back 27

back of knee

Front 28

rectus

Back 28

straight

Front 29

sacro

Back 29

lower back

Front 30

sural

Back 30

leg

Front 31

vastus

Back 31

large

Front 32

Venipucture on the pelvic limb

Back 32

The saphenous has medial and lateral branches. On the cat the medial is larger. On the dog the lateral is larger.

Front 33

Innervation of the Pelvic Limb

Back 33

The lumbosacral plexus consists of L4, L5, L6, L7, S1, S2, S3

Front 34

Key nerve of the pelvic limb

Back 34

The femoral nerve innervates the extensors of the stifle, especially the quadriceps femoris

Front 35

Autonomous Zones of Pelvic limb

Back 35

dorsal surface of digits 2-4- common peroneal

plantar surface of digits 2-4- tibial nerve

Front 36

Caudal cutaneous femoral n

Back 36

autonomous zone from the lumbosacral plexus that you can check for in the lateral, caudal thigh

Front 37

Lateral cutaneous sural n

Back 37

autonomous zone from the common peroneal n. that you can check for on the lateral crus and tarsus

Front 38

caudal cutaneous sural n

Back 38

autonomous zone from the tibial nerve that you can check for on the caudal crus and plantar tarsus

Front 39

saphenous n

Back 39

autonomous zone from the femoral nerve that can be tested for on the medial thigh, tarsus,and metatarsus

Front 40

Poplitieal Lymph Node

Back 40

Located behind the knee, drains the distal pelvic limb and efferents to iliac or ischiatic lymph node

Front 41

Ischiatic lymph node

Back 41

*only in cats*

located in the soft spot on the rump by the base of the tail. Drains lateral thigh, anal region, and popliteal lymph node. Efferents to the lymph node of the pelvic cavity

Front 42

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Node

Back 42

near pecten, dorsal and lateral to penis. Drains ventral abdomen, caudal mammae, vulva/clitoris or penis/scrotum

Front 43

Joint Definitions

Back 43

place of union or junction between 2 or more bones or cartilage of the skeleton. Joints prevent, allow, or limit motion

Front 44

Fibrous Joint (syndesmosis)

Back 44

-fibrous connective tissue forms interosseous membrane or ligament
-immobile and very strong
-ex. sutures of the skull, gomphosis (periodontal ligament attaches tooth to socket)

Front 45

Cartilagenous Joint (synchondrosis)

Back 45

-limited movement
1) hyaline cartilage joint
-temporary at physes and during development of long bones
-costochondral rib joint is permanent

2)fibrocartilage joint
-can be temporary
-found in invertebral disc, meniscus, and pelvic symphasis

Front 46

Synovial or True Joint

Back 46

-very mobile, has joint cavity, joint capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage

Front 47

Imbrication

Back 47

surgical tightening of the joint capsule

Front 48

Joint capsule

Back 48

has 2 layers- a fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid and has blood vessels and nerves

Front 49

Synovial Fluid

Back 49

lubricates contact surface and transports nutrients and waste

Front 50

Articular Cartilage

Back 50

covers contact surface, shock absorbent, thickest in the area of least movement, is found most commonly in hyaline cartilage

Front 51

Joint Stability

Back 51

The price of mobility is stability
-the less congruous joint surfaces are the more support is necessary

Front 52

Factors increasing stability

Back 52

1) congruity
2) joint capsule- thicker in areas where you don't want movement
3) Ligaments
4) menisci
5) muscles

Front 53

Ligaments

Back 53

bands of collagenous tissue that unite 2 or more bones can be...

1) extracapsular- arise from joint capsue (collateral ligament)

2) intracapsular- within the joint cavity and covered in synovial membrane (ex.ligament head of femur)

active ligaments are tendons serving function of collateral ligaments (supraspinatus)

Front 54

Menisci

Back 54

cartilaginous plates between articular surfaces that increase congruity and absorb concussion. Contains vessels and nerves. In the stifle and temporomandibular joint

Front 55

Bones

Back 55

Bones are living and dynamic. They are constantly remodeling themselves. They respond to insult by excess production and/or excess destruction

Front 56

Ossification

Back 56

Making bone. There are two types

1) endochondral- bone replaces cartilagenous model (ex, appendicular skeleton, vertebra, ribs, skull)

2)intramembranous- bone develops in membrane (only in flat bones of the skull)

Front 57

The Primary Center of Ossification

Back 57

-the primary center is the first site where mineralization occurs and is usually marked by

Front 58

Parts of Long Bones

Back 58

Diaphysis- Shaft of long bone

Metaphysis- area where shaft flares toward epiphysis

Epiphysis- major cap on end of each long bone with a seperate blood supply

Apophysis- other processes with secondary ossification centers such as the grater trochanter or the anconeal process

Front 59

Dealing with a fracture

Back 59

have to be immobilized so growing vessels can form and will not be sheared off during movement. Have to immobilize joints proximal and distal to the fracture. Can also use intramedullary pins

Front 60

Bones of the tarsus

Back 60

-calcaneus
-talus
-central tarsal bone
-tarsal bones 1 -4

Front 61

Bones of the Crus

Back 61

-Tibia
-Fibula

Front 62

Bones of the thigh

Back 62

-Femur

Front 63

Bones of the pelvis

Back 63

-ilium
-ischium
-pubis
-acetabular bone

Front 64

Main arterial channel of the pelvic limb

Back 64

*in cat and dog*

Aorta--> external iliac--> femoral--> popliteal--> cranial tibial--> dorsal metatarsal arteries--> perforating branch--> plantar metatarsal arteries--> plantar proper digital arteris