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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
tranverse mesodern is located _______ to the buccopharyngeal membrane and forms the __________ cavity and ________________ mesoderm.
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cephalad; pericardial; cardiogenic
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single spaces develop in the lateral plate mesoderm and coalesce to form what?
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intraembryonic coelom
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what is the composition of the somatopleure?
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somatic mesoderm and overlying ectoderm
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what is the composition of the splanchnopleure?
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splanchnic mesoderm and underlying endoderm
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at the edge of the embryonic disc, the somatopleure and splanchnopleure join which cellular layer which has been covering the amnion and yolk sac?
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extraembryonic mesoderm
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originally the intraembryonic coelom is an open cavity, continuous with which other cavity?
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extraembryonic coelom
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what does folding do to the intraembryonic coelom?
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it converts it to a closed cavity
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the lateral edges of the embryonic disc meet and fuse to constrict the neck of what?
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yolk sac
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somatopleure gives rise to what? Splanchnopleure?
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body wall and serous lining; gut tube and serous lining
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during the 4th week, the intraembryonic coelom is subdivided by three partitions into 3 body cavities. Name these 3 cavities:
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pericardial cavity, peritoneal cavity, pericardioperitoneal cavities (2) aka pleural cavities
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what is the name for the block-like wedge of mesoderm located cranial to the primordial heart?
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septum transversum
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as the forebrain enlarges, what happens to the septum transversum?
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it is translocated onto the ventral surface of the embryo where it is caudal to the heart
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the septum transversum attaches ventrally and laterally to what? It attaches dorsally to what?
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body wall; mesencyhme associated with the foregut
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the septum transversum separates the intraembryonic coelom into which portions?
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superior and inferior
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what is the name of the superior portion of the intraembryonic coelom? Is it located ventral or dorsal to the developing heart?
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ventral
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what are the names for the communications between the primitive pericardium and peritoneal cavities?
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pericardioperitoneal canals
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what is the destiny of the septum transversum in the adult?
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central tendon of the diaphragm
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during which week does the primitive pericardial cavity divide? Into what does it divide?
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5th week; ventral definitive pericardial cavity and two dorsolateral pleural cavities
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in the coronal plane, the _______________ folds grow in from the ___________ body wall toward the midline and fuse with each other and with the _______________ around the ______________.
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pleuropericardial; lateral; mesoderm; esophagus
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the origins of the pleuropericardial folds migrate anteriorly or posteriorly? In doing so, they form which cavities?
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anteriorly; definitive pericardial and right and left pleural
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the dorsolateral pleural cavities are continuous with which other cavity? Through which structures?
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peritoneal cavity; pericardioperitoneal canals
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the pleuropericardial folds are how many layers? To what do they give rise?
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3; serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium, and parietal pleura
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on either side of the midline of the ventral body wall, msesnchyme condenses into what structures?
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sternal bars
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do the sternal bars fuse together at the cephalic or caudal end and the distal or proximal end meets with the ribs
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cephalic; distal
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in which direction do the sternal bars zip?
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craniocaudal
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failure of fusion of the ribs results in what? What can protrude?
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cleft sternum; heart
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the septum transversum becomes fixed ventrally at which vertebral level? Dorsally?
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T7; T12
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to what is the septum transversum fixed dorsally?
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mesenchyme of the esophagus
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which embryonic structures form the bulk of the diaphragmatic muscle?
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pleuroperotineal membranes
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which feature of the septum transversum helps to pull phrenic nerves into diaphragm?
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myoblasts
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to which two structures do the pleuroperitoneal membranes fuse?
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dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and septum transversum
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the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus condenses to form what? From where do these originate? What are their names?
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two muscular bands; upper vertebral bodies; left and right crura of the diaphragm
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where do the right and left crura of the diaphragm cross? Which one surrounds the esophagus?
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anterior to the aorta; right
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which mesoderm layer helps to form the diaphragm?
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paraxial mesoderm
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by which spinal nerves is the paraxial mesoderm of the diaphragm innervated?
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T7-12
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which structures bring the phrenic nerves medially from their position in the body wall?
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developing pleuropericaldial folds
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from which germ layer does the respiratory diverticulum originate?
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endoderm
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the respiratory diverticulum gives rise to which 3 structures?
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epithelium of trachea, bronchi, and alveoli
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the respiratory tree is enveloped in periesophageal splanchnopleuric mesoderm which gives rise to what?
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cartilage, connective tissue, blood vessels and muscle of the bronchi and lungs
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as the lung bud expands caudally, the communication with it and the foregut is partially closed by what?
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two longitudinal tracheoesophageal ridges
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what is the name for the structure formed by the fusion of the two tracheoesophageal ridges?
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tracheoesophageal septum
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how does the respiratory portion of the lung bud maintain contact with the larynx?
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laryngeal orifice
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the epithelial lining of the larynx has its origin in which germ layer?
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endoderm
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cartilage and muscle of the larynx come from where? By which nerves are they innervated?
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mesenchyme of the 4th and 6th laryngeal arches; vagus
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what controls the branching of the lung buds?
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epithelial-mesenchyme interactions
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how many primary bronchial buds are formed? Secondary?
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2 (L/R lungs); 3 on right, 2 on left
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the lung buds expand into the body cavity by growth in which 2 directions?
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caudal and lateral
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the pleuropericardial folds and pleuroperitoneal membranes separate the pleural cavities from what?
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pericardial and abdominal cavities
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what percentage of adult alveoli are present at birth?
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6-Jan
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for how many years of your life are you still developing alveoli?
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10 years
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what is the name of the area of the embryo marked by the oropharyngeal membrane to the level of the outpouching of the respiratory diverticulum?
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pharynx
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is the esophagus proximal or distal to the pharynx in the embryo?
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distal
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what is the embryonic origin of the parietal pleura? Visceral pleura?
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somatic mesoderm; splanchnic mesoderm
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what occurs in a tracheoesophageal fistula?
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the trachea and esophagus do not completely separate and remain fused
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what is the clinical term for when the diaphragm does not close completely and the peritoneal contents leak up into the thorax?
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congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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