Anatomy Nervous System Ii

Front 1

Bundles of AXONS or PROCESSES

Back 1

nerves

Front 2

Which portion of the nervous system would innervate the liver and heart?

Back 2

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Front 3

Collection of cell bodies

Back 3

ganglia

Front 4

Which nervous system regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

Back 4

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Front 5

Conduct information away from cell bodies

Back 5

motor or efferent fibers

Front 6

What two functions do the interoreceptors of the viscera perform?

Back 6

1. Monitor the functional status of the viscera
2. Convey the sensation of visceral pain

Front 7

Monitor stimuli generated from the periphery to the CNS

Back 7

sensory or afferent fibers

Front 8

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 8

Mobilizes energy reserves, the flight or fight response, usually responses are system wide (all-or-none)

Front 9

Distributed to skeletal muscle and to skin and membranes associated with the body wall. Motor components control voluntary movements and sensory components contain exteroreceptors.

Back 9

Somatic (Spinal) nerves

Front 10

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 10

Conserves resources, integrates and regulates body systems, responses are specific/localized

Front 11

Distributed to organs, motor components control involuntary movement of smooth and cardiac muscle, glands. Sensory components call interoreceptors relay information from internal tissues and organs

Back 11

Visceral nerves

Front 12

You are about to take the Unit 1 exam. As you wait for the exam to start, your heart starts pounding. Which portion of the nervous system is involved in this response?

Back 12

Sympathetic Nervous System

Front 13

autonomic nervous system

Back 13

Regulates, coordinates, and integrates the activity, responses, and functions of the individual organs (viscera)

Front 14

You just finished a Wendy's Spicy Chicken Sandwich and a large chocolate frosty dessert. Which portion of the nervous system will help you digest the tasty meal?

Back 14

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Front 15

Innervates involuntary muscle (smooth, cardiac) and glands

Back 15

autonomic nervous system

Front 16

How many neurons are required for the autonomic nervous system to produce an effect?

Back 16

2

Front 17

initiates involuntary activities

Back 17

autonomic nervous system

Front 18

I am an autonomic neuron located in the brain. What type of autonomic neuron am I?

Back 18

preganglionic neuron

Front 19

sensory fibers that monitor the functional status of viscera and convey the sensation of visceral pain

Back 19

interoreceptors

Front 20

I am an autonomic neuron located in the peripheral nervous system. What type of autonomic neuron am I?

Back 20

postganglionic neuron

Front 21

1 of 2 divisions of ANS that mobilizes energy reserves and generates an "all or none" response

Back 21

sympathetic

Front 22

What is the difference between an autonomic and sensory ganglion?

Back 22

There are no synapses in sensory ganglia.

Front 23

1 of 2 divisions of ANS that conserves resources, integrates and regulates body systems, and generates a localized/specific response.

Back 23

parasympathetic

Front 24

What are some of the ways autonomic nerves travel to organs?

Back 24

1. Independently, either in a named nerve or plexus
2. With spinal/cranial nerves and their branches.
3. With blood vessels
*Most organs receive sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers with the exception of cutaneous blood vessels, hair shafts, and sweat glands, which receive only post ganglionic sympathetic fibers

Front 25

location of preganglionic neuron

Back 25

CNS (brain or spinal cord)

Front 26

Where do the sympathetic fibers originate in the spinal cord?

Back 26

T1-L2

Front 27

location of postganglionic neuron

Back 27

PNS ganglion where synapse occurs

Front 28

Where do the parasympathetic fibers originate in the spinal cord?

Back 28

Brain and S2-S4

Front 29

two neuron chain

Back 29

In the autonomic nervous system an intervening synapse is required to produce an effect

Front 30

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic nerves located within the spinal cord?

Back 30

In the lateral horn of the gray matter in the spinal cord.

Front 31

Autonomic ganglia are located in the CNS or PNS

Back 31

PNS

Front 32

Where do the axons of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons exit the spinal cord?

Back 32

They exit as components as the ventral roots of the spinal nerves

Front 33

3 ways autonomic nerves are distributed to organs

Back 33

independently forming a named nerve of plexus, with spinal or cranial nerves and their branches, with blood vessels

Front 34

How do the preganglionic sympathetic neurons get from the ventral ramus to the sympathetic chain ganglion?

Back 34

They travel from the ventral ramus to the white ramus communicans, which leads directly to the sympathetic chain ganglion

Front 35

Exceptional organs that do not receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Back 35

smooth musculature of cutaneous blood vessels, erector pili, and sweat glands (receive only postganglionic sympathetic fibers)

Front 36

Where are the majority of synapses between pre and postganglionic sympathetic neurons located?

Back 36

the sympathetic chain ganglion

Front 37

The segments in between which the sympathetic component of the ANS originates

Back 37

T1-L2

Front 38

How many different types of nerve fibers are contained within a dorsal ramus? A ventral ramus? A ventral root? A dorsal root?

Back 38

Dorsal ramus: motor, sensory, postganglionic sympathetic
Ventral ramus: same
dorsal root: sensory (afferent)
ventral root: motor (efferent), preganglionic sympathetic

Front 39

Where does the parasympathetic component of the ANS originate?

Back 39

Brain and S2-S4

Front 40

What is the traditional path of an preganglionic sympathetic nerve as it exits the spinal cord?

Back 40

ventral root----> spinal nerve---> white ramus communicans ---> sympathetic chain ganglion --> ventral/dorsal rami ---> periphery

Front 41

Only location in the entire nervous system where preganglionic sympathetic neurons are found

Back 41

Intermediolateral cell column of the gray matter of the spinal cord at levels T1-L2

Front 42

How do organs and skin at a level of the spinal cord without sympathetic fibers receive sympathetic information?

Back 42

Sympathetic fibers can travel up or down the sympathetic chain, synapse, and join dorsal or ventral rami to proceed to various organs or tissue.

Front 43

Axons of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons exit the gray matter of the spinal cord as components of the _____ roots of spinal nerves

Back 43

ventral

Front 44

What are the names of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that synapse in the prevertebral ganglia called?

Back 44

The thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves

Front 45

___ganglionic neurons travel through the white ramus commicans to before entering the paravetebral or pre-vertebral sympathetic chain ganglia

Back 45

pre

Front 46

What do the prevertebral ganglia innervate?

Back 46

The abdominal and pelvic viscera

Front 47

___ganglionic neurons travel through the gray ramus commicans to be distributed to the skin together with somatic sensory fibers in the dorsal or ventral rami.

Back 47

post

Front 48

How does a sympathetic response terminate?

Back 48

When the signal that started the response ends

Front 49

location of paravertebral chain ganglia

Back 49

adjacent to the vertebral column bilaterally and run from the cervical to the coccygeal region.

Front 50

Where are the cell bodies of afferent visceral fibers located?

Back 50

dorsal root ganglia

Front 51

location of pre-vertebral chain ganglia

Back 51

in the abdominal cavity in association with (in front of) major branches of the aorta for which they are named.

Front 52

How does referred pain work?

Back 52

Exteroreceptors from the somatic nervous system are located at the same level as the visceral afferent fibers within the spinal cord. The brain misinterprets the information as coming from the dermatomes.

Front 53

3 possible courses for a presynaptic fiber in the sympathetic trunk

Back 53

enter and synapse immediately with a postsynaptic neuron of the paravertebral ganglion at that level, ascend of descend in the sympathetic trunk to synapse with a postsympathetic neuron of a different level, or pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsin, continuing on by means of an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve to reach a prevertebral ganglion.

Front 54

The postganglionic fiber (axon) exits via a gray ramus communicans to join either the _____ or ____ ramus

Back 54

ventral or dorsal

Front 55

What are the different types of fibers contained within a dorsal or ventral ramus?

Back 55

somatic motor, somatic sensory, postganglionic sympathetic AKA
somatic efferent, somatic afferent, visceral efferent

Front 56

ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve is aka

Back 56

intercostal nerve

Front 57

preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord via the ____ root to travel through a white ramus communicans to synapse in the sympathetic chain

Back 57

ventral

Front 58

a post-ganglionic fiber destined to travel through the skin via a dorsal or ventral ramus will traverse the ____ ramus communicans?

Back 58

gray

Front 59

(T/F) There are NO parasympathetic fibers located in the dorsal or ventral rami.

Back 59

TRUE

Front 60

How is a peripheral sympathetic response terminated?

Back 60

when the signal/stimulus that elicited the sympathetic response ends.

Front 61

Vasomotor

Back 61

sympathetic neuron that terminates in smooth muscle of peripheral blood vessels to vasoconstrict

Front 62

Sudomotor

Back 62

sympathetic neuron that stimulates sweat glands in the skin

Front 63

Pilomotor

Back 63

sympathetic neuron that supplies smooth musculature associated with hair shafts in the skin

Front 64

(T/F) Some postganglionic sympathetic fibers are distributed directly to the heart or lungs.

Back 64

TRUE

Front 65

(T/F)The abdominal and pelvic viscera only receive sympathetic innervation from prevertebral ganglia.

Back 65

TRUE