Anatomy Neck

Front 1

Superior Boundary of neck

Back 1

Superior nuchal line
mastoid process
inferior margin of mandible
Inion #

Front 2

Inferior boundary of neck

Back 2

Superior Thoracic aperature
Apex of axilla
Sternum, clavicle, acromion,
7th cervical vertebrate

Front 3

Surface anatomy: triangles

Back 3

Anterior triangle: stuff going from head
to thorax

Posterior triangle: going from thorax/neck and upper limb

Front 4

surface anatomy general

Back 4

hyoid bone, sternal angle, clavicle,
sternocleidomastold, lower margin of mandible, trapezius, thyroid cartilage, sternal notch

Front 5

Going down neck, structures:

Back 5

Hyoid bone, (C3)
Thyrohyoid membrane
Thyroid cartilage (bifurcation) C4-5
Cricoid Cartilage (C6 middle)
Thyroid Gland (not white)
Trachea

Front 6

posterior triangle of the neck borders

Back 6

Sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
clavicle

Front 7

Sternocleidomastoid:
innervation, insertion, and action

Back 7

insertion- superior nuchal line and mastoid process
innervation- spinal accessory
action- unilaterally moves neck so ear can touch shoulder, bilaterally - flexion of the neck ie chin towards manubrium

Front 8

Tortocollis

Back 8

Unilateral shortening of sternocleidomastoid, head tilted to one side, causes asymmetrical growth of the spinal column

Front 9

posterior triangle of the neck muscles inside

Back 9

Semispinalis capitis
splenius capitis
levator scapulae
scalenus - posterior, medius, anterior
serratus anterior

Front 10

posterior triangle of the neck subdivisions

Back 10

divided by inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
occipital triangle - large and superior
suprascapular triangle - small and inferior

Front 11

posterior triangle of the neck nerves

Back 11

Accessory nerve (CNXI)
Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus
Trunks of the Brachial plexus

Front 12

posterior triangle of the neck arteries

Back 12

occipital artery - from external carotid (tip of apex)
transverse cervical- from thyrocervical trunk
suprascapular - from " trunk
subclavian artery - in supraclavicular triangle

Front 13

posterior triangle of the neck veins

Back 13

External jugular vein
subclavian vein

Front 14

posterior triangle of the neck lymph nodes

Back 14

Occipital
Suprascapular

Front 15

spinal accessory nerve in Post Triangle of neck

Back 15

innervates SCM and trapezius, located superior to levator scapulae

Front 16

cervical plexus in post tri of neck

Back 16

located on scalenius medius, formed by anterior rami of C1-C4, form loops

Front 17

Branches of the cervivcal plexus

Back 17

Lesser occipital-C2, posterior to SCM to supply neck and scalp
Great auricular - over SCM, supplies skin around mandible
Transverse Cervical- posterior triangle to anterior triangle
Supraclavicular nerve - supplies skin over shoulder and upper chest - branches into 3 more...

Front 18

infrahyoid musmcles

Back 18

myohyoid
sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid
swallowing and vocalization, innervated by C1-C3

Front 19

ansa cervacalis and roots

Back 19

C1-C3 Loop
Superior loop -derived from C2
Inferior loop- derived from C2/C3
innervates the infrahyoid muscles

Front 20

phrenic nerves

Back 20

C3-5. mostly from C4 nerve. formed and descends anterior scalenus muscle. innervates diaphragm, sensory to coverings of diaphragm

Front 21

other cervical plexus muscle innervations

Back 21

levator scapulae, scalenus muscles, prevertebral muscles

Front 22

brachial plexus roots

Back 22

passes between first rib, clavicle, and superior border of scapula to enter the axilla

Front 23

Posterior triangle of neck: arteries

Back 23

Occipital - near SCM and splenius cap
Subclavian artery- anterior part of triange right above clavicle branches into thryocervical trunk, that into:
transverse cervical - top branch
suprascapular artery - bottom branch

Front 24

Posterior triangle of neck: veins

Back 24

external jugular - main big vein, turns into
right subclavian vein as it leaves triangle

Front 25

Posterior triangle of neck: nodes

Back 25

occipital nodes - drains post scalp and neck
mastoid nodes - posterior to ear,drains posteriolateral part of head
parotid - anterior to ear, drains anterior auricle
submandibular nodes - inferior to mandible, common place to check
deep cervical nodes- all head and neck nodes eventually drain here, goes to thoracic or right lymphatic duct

Front 26

superficial cervical fascia

Back 26

connective tissue between skin and deep fascia, has platysma (veins, vessels, nerves) and fat, can be seen surface anatomy when neck is flexed,

Front 27

deep cervical fascia

Back 27

deep to superficial- still surrounds muscles and nerves, compartmentalizes the neck

Front 28

deep fasciae parts

Back 28

1. Investing fasciae
2. Prevertebral fasciae
- a. axillary sheath
- b. suprapleural membrane
3. Pretracheal fasciae
4. Carotid sheath

Front 29

Investing layer of deep fasciae

Back 29

Makes collar around neck - attached to bones

Front 30

Investing layer of deep fasciae superficial parotid layer

Back 30

attaches above zygomatic arch, cover behind SCM and in front of masseter

Front 31

Investing layer of deep fasciae deep parotid layer

Back 31

medial surface of gland, attaches to skull, thinner than superfical layer

Front 32

axillary sheath

Back 32

surrounds arteries, nerves, and lymphocytes

Front 33

carotid sheath

Back 33

around carotid canal and jugular foramen, from skull down to neck

Front 34

fascial spaces

Back 34

prevertebral space is the dangerous space