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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Fasciae of the neck
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Attached posteriorly to the ligamentum nuchae Continuous round the neck Encloses the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and parotid gland Prevertebral Fascia: Transverse septum anterior to the prevertebral muscle and posterior to the pharynx and oesophagus Covers the cervical and brachial plexus as well as the sloor of th posterior triangle Carotid Sheath: Areolar tissue strong around the carotid arteries and weak over the jugular vein to allow for expansion Pretracheal Fascia: Attached to the thyroid and cricoid cartillage, as well as the 2nd - 4th tracheal rings Invests the thyroid gland Passes down into the throrax to the periocardium |
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Boundaries of the Anterior Trangle
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Anterior: Midline between mentum and the suprasternal notch Superior: Inferior mandible, rising to an apex at the mastoid process (temporal bone) Inferior: Supersternal notch |
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What is the Anterior Triangle subdivided by and into what?
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Subdivided by the Omohyoid and Digastric Muscles Upper - Digastric Triangle Submandibular Gland Middle - Carotid triangle Common carotid artery External Carotid Arteryand Branches Internal Jugular Vein Vagus Nerve Lower - Musclular Triangle Neck Strap Muscles Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Larynx and Trachea Pharynx and Oesophahus |
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Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle
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Anterior: Posterior Sternocleidomastoid Inferior: Middle third of the Clavicle |
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What structures pass theough the Posterior Trianagle?
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Roots and trunks of the Brachial Plexus Cervical Plexus Spinal Root of the Accessory Nerve Phrenic Nerve Subclavian Artery Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes |
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What is the Posterior Trangle subdivided by and into what?
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Upper - Occipital Triangle Lower - Supraclavicular Triangle |
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What Spinal Level is the Hyoid Bone? What is is suspended by? What is its inferior connection? What is its functions? |
3rd Cervical Vertebrae connected to the styloid process and the stylohyoid ligament Suspended by Muscles Thyroid Cartillage and the Thyrohyoid membrane Helps to maintain an open airway so it is commonly fractured in manual strangulation |
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Sternocleidomastoid |
Muscular Insertion: Medial 1/3 of the clavicle Tendinous Insertion: Antreior manubrium Innervation: Spinal root of the Accessory Nerve Function alone: Rotates face in opposote direction and laterally flexes the cervical spine Function together: lexion of the lower cervical spine and extension of the atlanto-occipital joint |
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Trapezius |
Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of the posterior clavicle, medial border of the acromion, upper border of spine of scapula Innervation: Spinal Root of the Accessory Nerve Functions: Elevation and Bracing of the shoulder, Rotation of the scapula (with Serratus Anterior), Unilateral Function: Rotates the heal to the opposite side Bilateral Function: Extends the Cervical spine |
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Scalene Muscles |
Origin: Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae Insertion: Anterior and Medius - 1st Rib Posterior - 2nd Rib Misc: Runs Inferolaterally Covered in prevertebral fascia |
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Suprahyoid Muscles |
Digastric Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Geniohyoid |
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Digastric Muscle
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Part of the Suprahyoid Muscles with 2 bellies Origin: Anterior - Digastric Fossa on the body of the mandible Insertion: posterior descends to the mastoid process Function: Elevates Hyoid in swallowing Depresses Hyoid in chewing |
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Infrahyoid Muscles
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Neck-Strap Muscles Sternohyoid: Behind manubrium & clavicle to the hyoid Sternothyroid: Under Sternohyoid From the manubrium to the oblique line of the thyroid cartillage Thyrohyoid: Oblique line of the thyroid cartillage to the hyoid Omohyoid: Upper border of the scapula to the hyoid 2 Bellies united by an intermediate tendon Innervation: Cranial nerves I, II and III via the Ansa cervicalis Function: Used in chewing, swallwing and speech Fixes the hyoid so that the suprahyoid muscles have a fixed point to act from |
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What is the structure of the thyroid gland?
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Arterial supply: Superior Thyroid - branch of external carotid Inferior Thyroid - branch of subclavian Venous Draingae: Superior, Middle (to Internal Jugular), and Inferior (to brachiocephalic) Thyroid Veins Secretes: Thyroxin - maintains basal metabolic rate Calcitonin - Lowers the serum Ca2+ levels |
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What is the significance of the sternohyoid attachment to the thyroid cartillage
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Sternohyoid attached to the thyroid cartillage so the thyroid cannot ascend higher than the oblique line so the enlarged thyroid must expand laterally and downwards into the superior mediastinum |
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What is the structure of the Parathyroid Gland?
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Vascualture: Anastomotic channels between the superior and inferior thyroid arteries Secretes: Parathormone - Raises serum Ca2+ levels (mobilised from the skeleton) |
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Vagus Nerve in the neck
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Posteriorly between the internal jugular vein and the common carotidartery
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Phrenic Nerve in the neck
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On scalenus anterior under the prevertebral fascia |
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Sympathetic chain in the neck |
Medial and Anterior to the Prevertebral Fascia |
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Common Carotid Artery
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Left - From arch of aorta Divides at the 4th cervical vertebrae into Internal and External Carotid arteries Carotid Sinus is at the bifurcation |
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Internal Carotid Artery |
No branches in the neck |
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External Carotid Artery |
Eg: Superior thyroid artery |
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Subclavian Artery |
Left - From Arch of aorta Posterior to scalenus anterior over 1st Rib Branches: Vertebral Artery: Brain stem, cerebellum and occipital lobe Inferior thyroid artery Internal thoracic artery |
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External Jugular Vein |
Enters the subclavian vein mid-clavicle Superficial on the sternocleidomastoid surface |
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Internal Jugular Vein |
Joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein behind the sternoclavicular joint |
