Anatomy Muscles Test

Front 1

masseter

Back 1

helps with chewing movements, Action is to raise the mandible. Prime mover of raising the mandible

(i)origin: is the zygomatic arch

(ii)insertion: at the angle of the ramus of the mandible.

Front 2

temporalis

Back 2

(i)Origin: the temporalis fossa (an indentation between parietal and temporal bones)

(ii)Insertion: the coronoid process of the mandible

(iii)Function: raises and retracts the mandible. It is a synergist in raising the mandible

Front 3

lateral pterygoid muscle

Back 3

lowers mandible and is fan shaped
1. origin: is pterygoid process of the sphenoid and the great wing of the sphenoid
2. insertion: the mandibular condyle
3. function: when contracts it pull forward on the mandibular condlye and makes it pivot, making mandible go lower

Front 4

medial pterygoid muscle

Back 4

raises mandible, synergist for the masseter.

1. Muscle comes off the pterygoid process of the sphenoid and something about angle, ramus mandible

Front 5

buccinator

Back 5

(i)Origin: alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible

(ii)Insertion: the obicularis oris

(iii)Function: compress cheeks and lips together

Front 6

sternocleidomastoid

Back 6

(a) origin is the sternum and clavicle
(b) insertion: the mastoid process of the temporal bone
(c) Function:
(i) contraction of a single muscle – flex cervical vertebrae laterally toward the side of contraction
(ii) Contraction of both muscles- flex cervical vertebrae anteriorly (head goes downward) aka: anterior flexion

Front 7

splenius capitis

Back 7

a deep muscle and has two branches (left and right side)

(a)broad origin: spinous processes of 7th cervical through the 4th thoracic vertebrae (includes vertebrae 1-4) and nuchal ligament

(b)insertion: the occipital and mastoid process

(c)Function:
(i)contraction on one side- the head is rotated toward the side of contraction.

(ii)When both contract – flex cervical vertebrae posteriorly and extends head (extention of the head – head goes backwards)

Front 8

levator scapulae

Back 8

there are two muscles, one on each side

(a)Origin: first 4 cervical vertebrae

(b)Insertion: the superior angle of the scapula

(c)Function: when it contracts it pulls upward and caused elevation of scapula, scapula moves toward head

Front 9

rhomboideus major

Back 9

(i)origin: 2-5 thoracic vertebrae

(ii)insertion: the vertebral border of the scapula

**Function: both muscles elevate (raise) the scapula, adduct the scapula and pull it toward the midline and laterally rotate the scapula towards the humerus

Front 10

rhomboideus minor

Back 10

(i) origin: 7th cervical through 1st thoracic vertebrae
(ii) Insertion: the vertebral border of the scapula at the spine
**Function: both muscles elevate (raise) the scapula, adduct the scapula and pull it toward the midline and laterally rotate the scapula towards the humerus

Front 11

pectoralis minor

Back 11

antagonist to Rhomboideus

(a)Origin: 3,4,5 ribs

(b)Insertion: the coracoid process of the scapula

(c)Function: depress scapula and move it toward the feet, when it contracts it pulls on the coracoid process which pulls the scapula down

Front 12

serratus anterior

Back 12

(a)Origin:1-8th ribs

(b)Insertion: the vertebral border of the scapula

(c)function: moves scapula towards humerus, away from midline. Moves scapula away from midline (abduction) and to move it towards the chest

Front 13

trapezius

Back 13

(a)origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae

(b)insertion: the clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula

(c)Functions:

Whole muscle contraction- adducts the scapula and pulls it toward the midline.

Upper portion contraction- extends head (pulls head backwards)

Middle portion contraction- elevates scapula (synergistic action)

Lower portion contraction- depresses scapula (lowers it, synergist of pectoralis minor)

Front 14

coracobrachialis

Back 14

(i)origin: coracoid process

(ii)insertion: middle of humerus

(iii)Function: prime mover of flexion of arm

Front 15

pectoralis major

Back 15

synergist for flexion (coracobrachialis)

(i)Origin: clavicle, sternum and first 6 costal cartilages

(ii)Insertion: the greater tubercle of the humerus

Front 16

teres major

Back 16

prime mover for extension of arm
(i)Origin: interior angle of the scapula
(ii)Insertion: the lesser tubercle of the humerus
(iii)Function: moves are downward and backward

Front 17

latissumus dorsi

Back 17

synergist for teres major (extension of arm)
(i)Origin: 6-12th thoracic vertebrae, lumbo-dorso fascia (fascia at the small of the back) and the iliac crest
(ii)Insertion: the bicipital groove of the humerus
(iii)Function: it pulls the humerus out of the flex position and goes backward from the anatomical position

Front 18

deltoideus

Back 18

prime mover of abduction of arm
(i)Origin: clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
(ii)Insertion: the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Front 19

supraspinatus

Back 19

– synergist of abduction of arm(of the deltoideus)
(i)origin: supraspinous fossa
(ii)Insertion: on the greater tubercle of the humerus on the posterior side

Front 20

teres minor

Back 20

a.origin: axillary border of the scapula
b.Insertion: the greater tubercle of the humerus (posterior side of the greater tubercle)

Front 21

infraspinatus

Back 21

(i)origin: infraspinous fossa
(ii)Insertion: the greater tubercle of the humerus on the posterior side

Front 22

biceps brachii

Back 22

(PM for flexion when hand supinated hand is moved toward shoulder)
(i)origin: coracoid process of the scapula and upper border of the glenoid cavity
(ii)Insertion: the radial tuberosity

Front 23

brachialis

Back 23

PM when the hand is pronated, back of hand touch shoulder then pushed down so palm is facing ground
(i)Origin: mid humerus
(ii)Insertion: the coracoid process of the ulna

Front 24

brachioradialis

Back 24

PM for flexion when hand is semi-supinated (ROTC position)

(i)Origin: distal humerus

(ii)Insertion: the styloid process of radius

Front 25

triceps brachii

Back 25

(i)Origin: lateral and medial heads of proximal humerus and long head of the axillary border of the scapula

(ii)Insertion: olecranon process of the ulna (pull on ulna and cause tension)

(iii)Function: movement of the forearm

Front 26

flexor carpi radialis

Back 26

(a) Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

(b)Insertion: 2nd metacarpal

(c)Function: flex lateral side of wrist

Front 27

palmaris longus

Back 27

(a)Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

(b)Insertion: the tendon inserts on a band of white fibrous connective tissue called flexor retinaculum of wrist

(c)Function: flex middle of wrist

Front 28

flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 28

(a)Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon of the ulna

(b)Insertion: 5th metacarpal

(c)Function: flex medial side of wrist

Front 29

extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 29

(i)Origin: distal humerus

(ii)Insertion: 2nd metacarpal

Front 30

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Back 30

(i)Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

(ii)Insertion: 3rd metacarpal

Front 31

extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 31

(i)Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
(ii)Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Front 32

extensor digitorum communis

Back 32

(i)Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
(ii)Insertion: distal phalanges of fingers
(iii)Function: extend fingers and extend hand at wrist

Front 33

supinator

Back 33

(i)Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus on the posterior side of the limb and also the proximal ulna
(ii)Insertion: anterior proximal radius
(iii)Function: pulls radius back to anatomical position

Front 34

pronator quadratus

Back 34

(i)Origin: distal ulna
(ii)Insertion: distal radius

Front 35

pronator teres

Back 35

(i) Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
(ii) Insertion: middle radius lateral edge
(iii) Function: move hand to face floor, pulls radius over ulna so it goes from supinated position hand upward to hand downward

Front 36

flexor digitorum profundus

Back 36

(a)Origin: proximal ulna, common tendon – 4 tendons the one to each distal phalange of the fingers
(b)Function: curls fingers

Front 37

flexor pollicis longus

Back 37

(i)origin: proximal to middle radius
(ii)insertion: distal phalange thumb
(iii)function: pulls thumb toward the head, in forearm

Front 38

flexor pollicis brevis

Back 38

(i)origin: flexor retinaculum: 1st carpal
(ii)insertion: proximal phalange thumb
(iii)location: this is just in the hand or wrist

Front 39

extensor pollicis longus

Back 39

1.origin: middle ulna
2.insertion: distal phalange thumb

Front 40

extensor pollicis brevis

Back 40

1.origin: middle radius
2.insertion: proximal phalange thumb

Front 41

abductor pollicis longus

Back 41

1.origin: middle radius and middle ulna
2.insertion: 1st metacarpal (not phalange), inserts on the side

Front 42

abductor pollicis brevis

Back 42

1.origin: flexor retinaculum
2.insertion: proximal phalange of the thumb

Front 43

adductor pollicis

Back 43

1.origin: 1st carpal, 2nd and 3rd metacarpal – goes to bone at a 90 degree angle
2.insertion: proximal phalange the thumb
3.function: bring thumb back to anatomical position

Front 44

psoas major

Back 44

1.origin: transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5, all lumbar)
2.insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 45

iliacus

Back 45

fan shaped
1.origin: iliac crest
2.insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 46

gluteus maximus

Back 46

1.origin: iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx
2.insertion: posterior femur, fascia lata (broad band of CT on the lateral side of the thigh) or iliotibial tract

Front 47

gluteus medius

Back 47

1.origin: lateral surface of the ilium
2.insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

Front 48

gluteus minimus

Back 48

1.origin: lateral surface of the ilium
2.insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

Front 49

tensor fascia latae

Back 49

1.origin: lateral iliac crest
2.Insertion: fascia lata or iliotibial tract (lateral condyle of the tibia?)
3.Function: produces tension on lateral side of thigh for posture (main function). But with lots of tension it can move femur laterally

Front 50

adductor magnus

Back 50

1.origin: inferior pubic ramus, inferior ischial ramus and ischial tuberosity
2.insertion: linea aspera of the femur
3.function: pulls femur back to midline

Front 51

adductor longus

Back 51

1.origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
2.insertion: linea aspera of the femur
3.function: pulls femur toward the midline

Front 52

adductor brevis

Back 52

1.origin: inferior pubic ramus
2.insertion: posterior medial of the femur (close to linea aspera but not exactly same place)
3.function: pull femur back to midline

Front 53

pectineus

Back 53

1.origin: superior pubic ramus
2.insertion: linea aspera of the femur
3.function: pulls femur back to midline

Front 54

biceps femoris long head

Back 54

a.origin: ischial tuberosity
b.insert at the head of the fibula.
c.Action: pulls thigh upward and backward on the lateral side of the leg

Front 55

biceps femoris short head

Back 55

a.origin: linea aspera of the femur
b.insert at the head of the fibula.
c.Action: pulls thigh upward and backward on the lateral side of the leg

Front 56

semitendinosus

Back 56

1.origin: ischial tuberosity
2.insertion: proximal and medial tibia

Front 57

semimembranosus

Back 57

1.origin: ischial tuberosity
2.insertion: medial condyle of the tibia

Front 58

gracilis

Back 58

1.origin: pubic symphysis
2.insertion: proximal medial tibia
3.action: it moves the tibia, flexion of the leg and adduction of the thigh

Front 59

rectus femoris

Back 59

1.origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
2.insertion: patellar tuberosity

Front 60

vastus lateralis

Back 60

1.origin: linea aspera and the greater trochanter
2.insertion: patellar tuberosity

Front 61

sartorius

Back 61

(i)origin: anterior superior iliac spine
(ii)insertion: proximal medial surface of the tibia
(iii)action: pulls leg backward and the thigh upward

Front 62

vastus medialis

Back 62

1.origin: linea aspera
2.insertion: patellar tuberosity

Front 63

vastus intermedius

Back 63

1.origin: anterior femur
2.insertion: patellar tuberosity

Front 64

gastrocnemius

Back 64

(i)origin: lateral medial condyle of the femur
(ii)insertion: calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) and inserts on the calcaneus

Front 65

soleus

Back 65

(i)origin: proximal regions of the tibia and fibula
(ii)insertion: forms tendon then inserts on the calcaneus

Front 66

tibialis anterior

Back 66

(i)origin: lateral condyle of the tibia
(ii)insertion: 1st tarsal and the 1st metatarsal

Front 67

peroneus tertius

Back 67

(i)origin: distal fibula
(ii)insertion: 5th metatarsal

Front 68

peroneus longus

Back 68

(i)origin: head of the fibula
(ii)insertion: 1st metatarsal and 2nd tarsal

Front 69

peroneus brevis

Back 69

1.origin: mid fibula
2.insertion: 5th metatarsal

Front 70

tibialis posterior

Back 70

(i)origin: proximal tibia and fibula and then forms a tendon
(ii)insertion: forms tendon which then splits to go to many locations including: proximal tarsals and 2,3,4 metatarsals

Front 71

flexor digitorum longus

Back 71

(i)origin: proximal tibia
(ii)insertion: a tendon is formed then goes under bones of foot and splits into 4 tendons that then insert on the distal phalanges of the 4 toes

Front 72

flexor digitorum brevis

Back 72

(i)origin: calcaneus
(ii)insertion: 4 tendons come from calcaneus and then insert on the middle phalanges of the 4 toes

Front 73

flexor hallucis longus

Back 73

(i)origin: proximal surface of the fibula
(ii)insertion: distal phalange of the big toe

Front 74

flexor hallucis brevis

Back 74

(i)origin: tarsals
(ii)insertion: small tendon that inserts on the proximal phalange of the big toe

Front 75

extensor digitorum longus

Back 75

(i)origin: lateral conduyle of the tibia and proximal fibula (both high in the leg)
(ii)insertion: the muscle gives off a single tendon that then breaks into 4 tendons that go to the middle and distal phalanges of the 4 toes (extends toes all at the same time)

Front 76

extensor digitorum brevis

Back 76

(i)origin: calcaneus
(ii)insertion: it is four small muscles that then go to the same insertion point as the extensor digitorum longus

Front 77

extensor hallucis longus

Back 77

(i)origin: middle of the fibula
(ii)insertion: muscle forms tendon that then inserts on the distal phalange of the big toe

Front 78

extensor hallucis brevis

Back 78

(i)origin: calcaneus
(ii)insertion: proximal phalange of the big toe