Anatomy Muscles Of Lower Limbs

Front 1

origin

Back 1

more proximal and less movable

Front 2

insertion

Back 2

more distal and more movable

Front 3

endomysium

Back 3

surrounds an individual fiber

Front 4

perimysium

Back 4

surrounds bundle of fibers (fascicle)

Front 5

epimysium

Back 5

surround whole muscle belly (muscle fascia)

Front 6

atrophy

Back 6

shrinking of a muscle bc of a nerve interruption

Front 7

posterior gluteal muscles
gluteus maximus
origin + insertion

Back 7

largest muscle body

origin=ilium and lower part of sacrum/coccyx (sacrotuberous ligament)

insertion= gluteal tuberosity and IT tract

Front 8

posterior gluteal muscles
gluteus maximus
action + innervation

Back 8

extension and rotation of hip/ helps stabilize knee bc it goes into IT band


innervation=inferior gluteal nerve + artery

Front 9

posterior gluteal muscles
gluteus medius + minimus
origin+ insertion

Back 9

origin= ilium
insertion= greater trochanter of femur

Front 10

posterior gluteal muscles
gluteus medius + minimus

action + innervation

Back 10

action= abduct hip
innervation= superior gluteal nerve + artery

Front 11

posterior gluteal muscles
tensor fasciae latae
origin+ insertion

Back 11

origin= ilium
insertion= IT band

Front 12

posterior gluteal muscles
tensor fasciae latae
action + innervation

Back 12

action= flex + abduct hip and stabilized knee bc it goes into IT band

innervation= superior gluteal nerve + artery

Front 13

deep muscles of gluteal region
action

Back 13

lateral rotation of hip

Front 14

deep muscles of gluteal region
piriformis
origin + insertion

Back 14

key to finding sciatic nerve

origin= sacrum
insertion= greater trochanter of femur

Front 15

deep muscles of gluteal region
obturator internus
origin + insertion

Back 15

origin= obturator foramen
insertion= greater trochanter of femur

Front 16

deep muscles of gluteal region
gamellus superior
origin + insertion

Back 16

origin= ischial spine
insertion= greater trochanter of femur

Front 17

deep muscles of gluteal region
gammellus inferior
origin + insertion

Back 17

origin= ischial tuberosity
insertion= greater trochanter of femur

Front 18

deep muscles of gluteal region
quadratus femoris
origin + insertion

Back 18

origin= ischial tuberosity
insertion= greater trochanter of femur

Front 19

deep muscles of gluteal region
obturator externus
origin + insertion

Back 19

origin= obturator foramen
insertion= trochanteric fossa

Front 20

deep muscles of gluteal region
innervation of all

Back 20

sacral plexus- back door nerves

Front 21

red carpet muscles

Back 21

some deep muscles of gluteal region--> obturator internus
gamellus superior + inferior
quadratus femoris

sciatic nerve runs over the red carpet muscles

Front 22

anterior hip muscles (iliac region)

psoas major
origin+insertion

Back 22

origin= lumbar vertebrae
insertion= lesser trochanter of femur

Front 23

anterior hip muscles (iliac region)
psoas major
action+ innervation

Back 23

action= flexes hip
innervation- lumbar nerves
L1-3

Front 24

anterior hip muscles (iliac region)

iliacus
origin+insertion

Back 24

origin= iliac fossa
insertion= lesser trochanter of femur

Front 25

anterior hip muscles (iliac region)
iliacus
action+ innervation

Back 25

action= flexes hip
innervation= femoral nerve

Front 26

anterior hip muscles (iliac region)
iliopsoas

Back 26

formed when the psoas major and iliacus join after passing the inguinal ligament

Front 27

Anterior femoral muscles
action + innervation

Back 27

action= extend knee (except sartorius which flexes hip + knee)

innervation= femoral nerve + artery (lumbar plexus front door)

Front 28

Anterior femoral muscles
sartorius
origin + insertion

Back 28

origin= ASIS anterior superior iliac spine

insertion= tibia
ALSO
runs diagnal, is longest muscle in body, called talus muscles

Front 29

Anterior femoral muscles
rectus femoris
origin + insertion

Back 29

runs straight in front of hip joint

origin= AIIS
insertion= tibial tuberosity

Front 30

Anterior femoral muscles
vastus lateralis
origin + insertion

Back 30

origin= linea aspera
insertion= tibial tuberosity

vary large in runners, good for intramuscular injection

Front 31

Anterior femoral muscles
vastus medialis
origin + insertion

Back 31

origin= linea aspera
insertion= tibial tuberosity

muscle fibers run horizontal, helps stabilize knee joint

Front 32

Anterior femoral muscles
vastus intermedius
origin + insertion

Back 32

origin= upper femur
insertion= tibial tuberosity

Front 33

Anterior femoral muscles
Quadriceps

Back 33

rectus femoris, vastus l. m. i.

these muscles collectively form the quadriceps tendon which encases the patella--> pass the patella the tendons name changes to patellar ligament

Front 34

Medial femoral muscles
action + innervation

Back 34

action= adduct hip
innervation= oburator nerve + artery

Front 35

Medial femoral muscles
gracillus
origin + insertion

Back 35

origin= pubic bone
insertion= tibia

Front 36

pectineus
origin + insertion

Back 36

origin= pubis
insertion= femur

ALSO HAS ADDITIONAL INNERVATION- femoral nerve

Front 37

Medial femoral muscles
adductor longus
origin + insertion

Back 37

origin= pubic bone
insertion= linea aspera

Front 38

Medial femoral muscles
adductor brevis
origin + insertion

Back 38

origin= pubic ramus
insertion= femur

Front 39

Medial femoral muscles
adductor magnus
origin + insertion

Back 39

origin= pubis ramus + ischium
insertion= linea aspera

ALSO HAS ADDITIONAL INNERVATION- tibeal nerve

Front 40

Medial femoral muscles
adductor hiatus

Back 40

opening in the tendon of insertion of the adductor magnus

femoral artery passes through the hiatus/ then called popliteal artery

Front 41

Posterior femoral muscles
HAMSTRINGS
action + innervation

Back 41

action= extend hip, flex knee
innervation= sciatic nerve (tibial branch of it) EXCEPT short head of biceps femoris

hamstrings

Front 42

Posterior femoral muscles
biceps femoris
origin + insertion

Back 42

(1) long head

origin= ischial tuberosity
insertion=fibula

(2) short head

origin= linea aspera
insertion= fibula
INNERVATION= common fibular (peroneal nerve)

Front 43

Posterior femoral muscles
semitendinosous
origin + insertion

Back 43

origin= ischial tuberosity
insertion= tibia

Front 44

Posterior femoral muscles
semimembranosous
origin + insertion

Back 44

origin= ischial tuberosity
insertion= tibia

Front 45

Clinical correlations

Back 45

os coxae= pubic rami most suceptible to fracture

Front 46

Clinical correlations
femur

Back 46

(1) fracture of neck common in older patients bc of osteoporosis or fall

(2) osteomyelitis= inflammation of bone marrow due to bacterial infection

Front 47

Clinical correlations
patella

Back 47

chondromalatia patellae= runners knee when the patella tracks laterally causing pain

Front 48

Clinical correlations
tibia

Back 48

most common long bone to be fractured

Front 49

Clinical correlations
fibula

Back 49

source of bone for grafting
non weight bearing

Front 50

Trendelenburg Sign

Back 50

abnormal downward pelvic tilt bc the gluteus medius muscles are not contracting alternately like they are supposed to

(gluteal gate/waddle)