Anatomy Muscles

Front 1

epicranius--frontal belly

Back 1

raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead--SURPRISE

CONNECTED via galae aponeurotica

Front 2

epicranius--occipital belly

Back 2

pulls scalp posteriorly

CONNECTED via galae aponeurotica

Front 3

orbicularis oculi

Back 3

closes eye (squeezes shut), blnking, squinting

Front 4

levator palpebral superioris

Back 4

elevates and retracts upper eyelid (opens eye)--"waking up in the morning"

ORBICULARIS OCULI ANTAGONIST

Front 5

orbicularis oris

Back 5

closes, protrudes lips "pucker up", shapes lips during speech

Front 6

levator labii superioris

Back 6

opens lip, elevates upper lip

Front 7

buccinators

Back 7

compresses cheek--blowing or sucking

Front 8

mentalis

Back 8

elevators and protrudes lower lip; wrinkles skin of chin when raising the chin--pouting

Front 9

zygomaticus major/minor

Back 9

raise lateral corners or mouth in smiling--"laughing"

real smile

Front 10

risorius

Back 10

draws corner of mouth laterally--fake smiling

SYNERGIZED by zygomaticus

Front 11

depressor labii inferioris--facial expressions

Back 11

draws lower lip downward

Front 12

depressor anguli oris--facial expressions

Back 12

draws corners of mouth downward and laterally--"frowning"

ANTAGONIZED by zygomaticus

Front 13

platysma--facial expressions

Back 13

draws lower lip inferior, depresses mandible--opening the mouth, tenses skin of neck and chest--"used during shaving"

looking Annie stupid

Front 14

masseter--mastication

Back 14

raises the mandible--"closing the jaw"

ORIGIN: zygomatic arch
INSERTION: angle of mandible

prime mover of jaw closure

Front 15

temporalis--mastication

Back 15

raises mandible--closing the jaw

ORIGIN: temporal fossa
INSERTION: coronoid process of mandible

Front 16

digastrics--suprahyoid muscles

Back 16

depresses mandible--opening the mouth

ORIGIN: mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid prcoess (posterior belly)
INSERTION: hyoid bone

Front 17

muscles that move the head and neck at...?

Back 17

atlanto-occipital joint and/or joints of cervical spine

Front 18

sternocleidomastoid--moves head and neck

Back 18

ORIGIN: manubrium (sternum) and clavicle
INSERTION: mastoid process (temporal) and nuchal line (occipital)

1. bilateral contraction: neck flexion--"prayer muscle"
2. unilateral contraction--rotates head

Front 19

scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)--moves head and neck

Back 19

ORIGIN: transverse process (cervical verterbrae)
INSERTION: ribs 1-2

1. bilateral contraction: neck flexion--"prayer muscle"
2. unilateral contraction--rotates head

Front 20

splenius capitis--moves head and neck

Back 20

ORIGIN: 7th cervical and 1-3 thoracic vertebrae
INSERTION: occipital bone and mastoid process (temporal)

1. bilateral contraction: neck extension
2. unilateral contraction: rotation of cervical spine

Front 21

suprahyoid muscle

Back 21

digastrics, mylohyoid, stylohyoid--elevates hyoid bone and widens esophagus during swallowing

Front 22

diaphragm--for breathing

Back 22

primary muscle of inspiration

Front 23

external intercostals--for breathing

Back 23

elevates rib cage (during inspiration)--through nose only

Front 24

internal intercostals--for breathing

Back 24

depresses rib cage (during forced exhalation)--exhale through mouth

Front 25

in quiet breathing, ____ is activated by ____, which is attached to the bottom of the ________. diaphragm is ___-shaped at rest but _____ out when contracted, sucking air in. it is helped by a set of ____ that attach between the ribs.

Back 25

in quiet breathing, inspiration is activated by the diaphragm, which is attached to the bottom of the rib cage. the diaphragm is dome-shaped at rest but flattens out when contracted, sucking air in. it is helped by a set of muscles which attach between the ribs.

Front 26

in quiet breathing, ____ does not require muscular contraction (it is brought about by ____ and ____). as the breathing rate ___ muscles are used to supplement ____ and ____.

Back 26

in quiet breathing, exhalation does not require muscular contraction (it is brought about by gravity and elasticity). as the breathing rate increases muscles are used to supplement gravity and elasticity.

Front 27

muscles that move the shoulder

Back 27

pectoral girdle

Front 28

levator scapulae--move the shoulder

Back 28

elevates scapula

Front 29

trapezius (traps shoulder)

Back 29

elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula--"shoulders shrugging"

Front 30

rhomboid major--move the shoulder

Back 30

retracts scapula, pulls shoulder blades medially

rhomboid exercise shoulder stretch

Front 31

serratus anterior--moves the shoulder

Back 31

protracts scapula--"punching," rotates scapula

"boxer's muscle"--prime mover to protract scapula

Front 32

pectoralis minor--moves the shoulder

Back 32

protracts scapula--moves it forward

Front 33

deltoid--muscles that move the arm (humerus)

Back 33

abducts the arm

prime mover of arm abduction
site for IM (intramuscular injection)

Front 34

latissimus dorsi--muscles that move the arm (humerus)

Back 34

extends arm, adducts arm, medially rotates arm

prime mover of arm extension
"swimmer's muscle"
V-shape in swimmers and body builders

Front 35

teres major--muscles that move the arm (humerus)

Back 35

extends arm, adducts arm, medially rotates arm

synergist of latissimus dorsi

Front 36

pectoralis major (PECS)--muscles that move the arm (humerus)

Back 36

flexes arm, adducts arm, medially rotates arm

prime mover of arm flexion

Front 37

coracobrachialis--muscles that move the arm (humerus)

Back 37

flexes arm

Front 38

rotator cuff muscles

Back 38

stabilize shoulder joint via securing head of humerus in glenoid cavity

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Front 39

supraspinatus--rotator cuff muscle

Back 39

abduction of humerus

INITIATES arm abduction (followed by deltoid)

Front 40

infraspinatus----rotator cuff muscle

Back 40

laterally rotates arm

Front 41

teres minor----rotator cuff muscle

Back 41

laterally rotates arm

Front 42

subscapularis----rotator cuff muscle

Back 42

medially rotates arm

Front 43

brachialis--muscle that moves the forearm (radius and/or ulna)

Back 43

flexes forearm

ORIGIN: humerus
INSERTION: coronoid process (ulna)

major forearm flexor

Front 44

biceps brachii----muscle that moves the forearm (radius and/or ulna)

Back 44

flexes forearm, supinates

ORIGIN: coracoids process (short head), supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
INSERTION: radial tuberosity

"arm curls, pulling anything toward you--removing a corkscrew from champagne bottle"

Front 45

brachioradialis--moves the forearm

Back 45

flexes elbow joint

ORIGIN: humerus
INSERTION: styloid process (radius)

synergist in forearm flexion

Front 46

triceps brachii----moves the forearm

Back 46

extends forearm

ORIGIN: inferior margin of glenoid cavity (long head), posterior margin of humerus (lateral head), radial groove on humerus (medial head)
INSERTION: olecranon process (ulna)

major forearm extensor

Front 47

pronator teres----moves the forearm

Back 47

pronates forearm

ORIGIN: medial epicondyle (humerus) and coronoid process (ulna)
INSERTION: shaft (radius)

synergist of pronator quadratus

Front 48

supinator --moves the forearm

Back 48

supinates forearm

ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle (humerus) and ulna
INSERTION: radius

acts with biceps brachii to supinate forearm; deep muscle

Front 49

flexor carpi radialis--muscle that moves the wrist and/or fingers

Back 49

flexes the wrist, abducts the hand

powerful flexor of the wrist

Front 50

palmaris longus----muscle that moves the wrist and/or fingers

Back 50

flexes the wrist

weak flexor of wrist

Front 51

flexor carpi ulnaris--muscle that moves the wrist and/or fingers

Back 51

flexes the wrist, adducts the hand

powerful flexor of wrist

Front 52

flexor digitorum--muscle that moves the wrist and/or fingers

Back 52

flexes the wrist, flexes the phalanges

Front 53

extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis--muscle that moves the wrist and/or fingers

Back 53

extends wrist, abducts hand

Front 54

rectuc abdominis----muscle acting on abdominal wall

Back 54

"six-pack"

flexes and rotates vertebral column

ORIGIN: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
INSERTION: ribs 5-7, xiphoid process

Front 55

muscles that move the thigh/leg

Back 55

movement occurs at hip joint/knee joint

Front 56

iliopsoas: iliacus--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 56

flexes thigh

ORIGIN: iliac fossa on pelvis
INSERTION: lesser trochanter (femur)

Front 57

iliopsoas: psoas major----muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 57

flexes thigh

ORIGIN: transverse processes (lumbar vertebrae)
INSERTION: lesser trochanter

Front 58

sartorius--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 58

flexes thigh, laterally rotates thigh

ORIGIN: anterior superior iliac spine on pelvis
INSERTION: tibia

"tailor's muscle"

Front 59

gluteus maximum--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 59

extends thigh, laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh

ORIGIN: gluteal tuberosity (femur)
INSERTION: iliotibial tract (IT band)

forms the bulk of buttocks, IM injection site, powerful extensor--climbing stairs or rising from sitting position

Front 60

gluteus medius----muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 60

medially rotates thigh, abducts thigh

ORIGIN: ilium on pelvis
INSERTION: greater trochanter (femur)

IM injection site, steadies pelvis during walking

Front 61

quadriceps femoris

Back 61

"quads" field goal kicker

Front 62

iliopsoas muscles

Back 62

iliacus and psoas major

Front 63

quadriceps femoris: vastus medialis----muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 63

anterior compartment

extends leg

Front 64

quadriceps femoris: vastus lateralis--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 64

anterior compartment

extends leg

IM injection site

Front 65

quadriceps femoris: vastus intermedius--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 65

anterior compartment

extends leg, deep to rectus femoris

Front 66

quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 66

anterior compartment

extends leg, flexes thigh

Front 67

tensor fasciae latae--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 67

anterior compartment

flexes thigh, abducts thigh, medially rotates thigh

Front 68

adductor longus--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 68

medial compartment

adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh

ORIGIN: pubic
INSERTION: linea aspera

Front 69

adductor magnus----muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 69

medial compartment

adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh

ORIGIN: ischial and pubic rami, ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: linea aspera, adductor tubercle (femur)

Front 70

gracilis--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 70

medial compartment

adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh

ORIGIN: pubis
INSERTION: medial border (tibia)

Front 71

pectineus--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 71

medial compartment

adducts thigh, flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh

ORIGIN: pectineal line (pubis)
INSERTION: lesser trochanter, linea aspera (femur)

Front 72

hamstrings are....

Back 72

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

posterior compartment

Front 73

hamstrings: biceps femoris--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 73

posterior compartment

extends thigh, flexes leg

ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera (short head)
INSERTION: head (fibula), lateral condyle (tibia)

lateral to semitendinosus

Front 74

hamstrings: semitendinosus--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 74

posterior compartment

extends thigh, flexes leg

ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: shaft (tibia)

Front 75

hamstrings: semimembranosus--muscle that moves the thigh/leg

Back 75

posterior compartment

extends thigh, flexes leg

ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: lateral condyle (femur), medial condyle (tibia)

deep to semitendinosus

Front 76

tibialis anterior--muscle that moves the ankle/foot/toes

Back 76

anterior compartment

dorsiflexes foot, inverts foot

prime mover of dorsiflexion

Front 77

extensor digitorum longus--muscle that moves the ankle/foot/toes

Back 77

anterior compartment

extends toes

prime mover of toe extension

Front 78

extensor hallucis longus--muscle that moves the ankle/foot/toes

Back 78

anterior compartment

extends great toe

Front 79

fibularis (peroneus) longus--muscle that moves the ankle/foot/toes

Back 79

lateral compartment

plantar flex foot, everts foot

Front 80

triceps surae

Back 80

gastrocnemius, soleus----muscles that move the ankle/foot/toes on the posterior compartment

Front 81

triceps surae: gastrocnemius--muscle that moves the ankle/foot/toes

Back 81

posterior compartment

plantar flex foot --"tip toe"

Front 82

triceps surae: soleus--muscle that moves the ankle/foot/toes

Back 82

posterior compartment

plantar flex foot-- "tip toe"

deep to gastrocnemius

Front 83

plantaris--muscle that moves the ankle/foot/toes

Back 83

posterior compartment

plantar flex foot-- "tip toe"

Front 84

politeus--muscle that moves the ankle/foot/toes

Back 84

posterior compartment

medial rotation of tibia at knee to help "unlock" knee after standing