Anatomy Module 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Study of structure

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Study of function

Front 3

Function influences....

Back 3

The size, shape, action, and reaction of the structure

Front 4

_________ designs the specific function

Back 4

Structure

Front 5

Structure determines ________ possibilities

Back 5

Functional

Front 6

Embryology

Back 6

First 8 weeks of development

Front 7

Developmental Biology

Back 7

All stages of development

Front 8

Cell Biology

Back 8

Cell structure and function

Front 9

Histology

Back 9

Microscopic structure of tissues

Front 10

Surface Anatomy

Back 10

Surface markings of the body.

Observed through visualization and palpatation.

Front 11

Gross Anatomy

Back 11

Structures viewed without a microscope

Front 12

Systemic Anatomy

Back 12

Structure of specific systems

Front 13

Regional Anatomy

Back 13

Specific regions of the body

Front 14

Radiographic Anatomy

Back 14

Body structures visualized with X-ray, CT, or MRI

Front 15

Pathological Anatomy

Back 15

Structural changes with disease

Front 16

Neurophysiology

Back 16

Functional properties of nerve cells

Front 17

Endocrinology

Back 17

Hormones and how they control body functions

Front 18

Cardiovascular physiology

Back 18

Function of the heart and blood vessels

Front 19

Immunology

Back 19

How the body defends itself against disease causing agents

Front 20

Respiratory physiology

Back 20

Functions of the air passageways and lungs

Front 21

Renal physiology

Back 21

Functions of the kidneys

Front 22

Exercise physiology

Back 22

Changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity

Front 23

Pathophysiology

Back 23

Functional changes associated with disease and aging

Front 24

Levels of organization:

Back 24

Chemical

Cellular

Tissue

Organ

System

Organism

Front 25

Chemicals that carry out essential functions at a microscopic level.

Back 25

DNA and RNA

Front 26

3 things all cells are made of

Back 26

1) fatty layer called PLASMA MEMBRANE

2) lipid bilayer that holds a chemical soup called the CYTOPLASM

3) control center where instructions encoded in RNA and DNA are stored is the NUCLEUS

Front 27

Cells gathered in a group make up

Back 27

Tissue

Front 28

Collection of tissues which perform a function

Back 28

Organ

Front 29

Number of body systems that form the Organism

Back 29

Eleven

Front 30

Group of organs which carry out a more complete set of functions

Back 30

System

Front 31

Examples of atoms

Back 31

Hydrogen

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Sodium

Magnesium

Phosphorus

Front 32

Examples of molecules

Back 32

Carbohydrates

Lipids (fats)

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Vitamins

Front 33

Examples of cells

Back 33

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Front 34

Tissues

Back 34

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Muscular tissue

Nervous tissue

Front 35

Example of organs

Back 35

Brain

Heart

Lungs

Small and large intestine

Ovaries

Stomach

Front 36

Examples of organ systems

Back 36

Integumentary

Skeletal

Muscular

Nervous

Endocrine

Lymphatic and Immune

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Digestive

Urinary

Reproductive

Front 37

Protects the body, helps regulate body temperature, detects sensation like touch

Back 37

Integumentary System

Hint 37

Body system

Front 38

Supports and protects the body, provides surface area for muscle attachments, aids body movement

Back 38

Skeletal System

Hint 38

Body system

Front 39

Produces body movements, such as walking, stabilizes body position, generates heat.

Back 39

Muscular System

Hint 39

Body system

Front 40

Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities, detects change in the body's internal and external enviorments, interprets the change, and responds by causing muscular contractions or grandular secretions.

Back 40

Nervous System

Hint 40

Body system

Front 41

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood

Back 41

Endocrine System

Hint 41

Body system

Front 42

Heart pumps blood through blood vessels, blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and waste away from cells

Back 42

Cardiovascular System

Hint 42

Body system

Front 43

Returns proteins and fluids to blood, carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood

Back 43

Lymphatic System

Hint 43

Body System

Front 44

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air

Back 44

Respiratory System

Hint 44

Body system

Front 45

Acheives physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients and water, eliminates solid waste

Back 45

Digestive System

Hint 45

Body system

Front 46

Produces, stores, and eliminates urine

Back 46

Urinary System

Hint 46

Body system

Front 47

Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism

Back 47

Reproductive System

Hint 47

Organ system

Front 48

Balance in all body systems

Back 48

Homeostasis

Front 49

Small changes in any of the levels in the Organism can cause major problems called a

Back 49

Disease

Front 50

Standing erect with palms forward, head level, eyes facing forward, feet flat, feet directed forward, arms at side

Back 50

Anatomical position

Front 51

The head (cephalic) region contains

Back 51

Skull (cranial)

Base of skull (occiptal)

Face (facial)

Forehead (frontal)

Temple (temporal)

Eye (orbital, ocular)

Ear (otic)

Cheek (buccal)

Nose (nasal)

Mouth (oral)

Chin (mental)

Hint 51

2

Front 52

Major regions of the human body

Back 52

Head (cephalic)

Neck (cervical)

Spinal Column (vertebral)

Trunk

Upper extremity

Lower extremity

Hint 52

5

Front 53

Trunk region contains

Back 53

Chest (thoracic)

Breastbones (sternal)

Breast (mamary)

Shoulder blade (scalpular)

Back (dorsal)

Abdomen (abdominal)

Naval (umbilical)

Hip (coxal)

Loin (lumbar)

Between hips (sacral)

Pelvis (pelvic)

Groin (inguinal)

Pubis (pubic)

Buttock (gluteal)

Perineal

Front 54

The upper extremity region includes

Back 54

Armpit (axillary)

Arm (brachial)

Front of elbow (antecubital)

Back of elbow (olecranial, cubital)

Forearm (antebrachial)

Wrist (carpal)

Hand (manual)

Thumb (pollux)

Palm (palmar, volar)

Back of hand (dorsum)

Fingers (digital, phalangeal)

Front 55

The Lower extremity region contains

Back 55

Thigh (femoral)

Knee

Anterior surface (patellar)

Posterior surface (popliteal)

Leg (crural)

Calf (sural)

Foot (pedal)

Ankle (tarsal)

Sole (plantar)

Top of foot (dorsum)

Heel (calcaneal)

Toes (digital, phalangeal)

Great toe (hallux)

Front 56

Above

Back 56

Superior

Front 57

Below

Back 57

Inferior

Front 58

Toward the middle/ cented

Back 58

Medial

Front 59

Toward the outside

Back 59

Lateral

Front 60

Closer to point of orgin/ attachment

Back 60

Proximal

Front 61

Further away from point of origin or attachment

Back 61

Distal

Front 62

Toward the front

Back 62

Anterior (ventral)

Front 63

Toward the back

Back 63

Posterior (dorsal)

Front 64

Same side of midline

Back 64

Ipsilateral

Front 65

Opposite side of midline

Back 65

Contralateral

Front 66

Towards the surface

Back 66

Superficial

Front 67

Toward the core

Back 67

Deep

Front 68

Membrane closest to the cavity wall

Back 68

Parietal

Front 69

Membrane closest to the organ inside the cavity

Back 69

Visceral

Front 70

Dividing medial from lateral,

Back 70

Sagittal

Front 71

Dividing superior from inferior

Back 71

Transverse (horizontal)

Front 72

Dividing anterior from posterior

Back 72

Frontal

Front 73

Dividing the body into two mirror image halves

Back 73

Midsagittal

Front 74

All other sagittal planes

Back 74

Parasagittal

Front 75

Two main body cavities

Back 75

Dorsal

Ventral

Front 76

Cranial and vertebral cavities make up

Back 76

Dorsal Cavity

Front 77

Thoracic and abdominopelvic region make up

Back 77

The ventral cavity

Front 78

This divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Back 78

Diaphragm

Front 79

The thoracic cavity contains

Back 79

Pleural cavities and mediastinum.

Mediastinum contains the pericardial cavity.

Front 80

Ventral cavities are an adult derivative of the embryonic cavity called

Back 80

Coelom

Front 81

Four abdominopelvic quadrants

Back 81

Righ Upper Quadrant

Right Lower Quadrant

Left Upper Quadrant

Left Lower Quadrant

Front 82

Two lines that separate the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants

Back 82

Median and transumbilical lines

Front 83

The 9 abdominopelvic regions

Back 83

Right: hypochondriac region

Lumbar region

Inguinal region

Left: hypochondriac region

Lumbar region

Inguinal region

Epigastric (top middle)

Umbilical region (center)

Hypogastric region (bottom middle)

Front 84

Organs in RUQ

Back 84

Liver and gallbladder

Front 85

Organs in LUQ

Back 85

Stomach, spleen, left kidney

Front 86

Organs in RLQ

Back 86

Cecum and appendix

Front 87

Organ in LLQ

Back 87

Left ovary

Front 88

Technique used to visualize structures

Back 88

Modality

Front 89

Monitors controlled condition

Back 89

Receptors

Front 90

Receives input and provides output

Back 90

Control center

Front 91

Bring about change in controlled condition

Back 91

Effectors

Front 92

Homeostasis feedback loop

Back 92

Stimulus

Controlled condition

Receptors

Control center

Effectors

Response that alters the controlled condition

Returns to homeostasis

Front 93

A disruption of homeostasis

Back 93

Disease

Front 94

Determined by observation of a patient

Back 94

Signs of disease

Front 95

Determined by asking the patient

Back 95

Symptoms of disease

Front 96

A group of signs and/ or symptoms that commonly occur together

Back 96

Syndrome

Front 97

Modes of disease transmission

Back 97

Contact

Common vehicle

Airborne

Vector

Front 98

Causes abnormal homeostasis

Back 98

Autoimmune disease

Front 99

Positive homeostasis feedback characteristics

Back 99

STRENGTHEN or REINFORCE change.

Action continues until it is interrupted.

Reinforces conditions that do not happen very often

Front 100

Negative homeostasis feedback characteristics

Back 100

REVERSES a change in a controlled condition.

Action stops automatically when set point is reached.

Regulate conditions that remain fairly stable over long periods of time.

Front 101

Disease transmitted within 1 meter of a person

Back 101

Contact transmission

Front 102

Infection carried through food, water, or bodily fluids

Back 102

Common Vehicle Transmission

Front 103

Infectious agents carried on droplets that travel more than 1 meter

Back 103

Airborne Transmission

Front 104

Disease transmitted by a "third party"

Back 104

Vector Transmission

Front 105

If the vector is a person who does not appear to be ill they are called a

Back 105

Carrier

Front 106

Infections that occur in individuals here and there, no evidence it is widespread

Back 106

Sporadic Infection

Front 107

Infections that are more common in one geographic area than elsewhere

Back 107

Endemic Infections

Front 108

Infections that occur at a higher than normal level in a population

Back 108

Epidemic Infections

Front 109

Infections that occur worldwide

Back 109

Pandemic Infections

Front 110

Hospital acquired infections

Back 110

Nosocomial Infections

Front 111

Nosocomial Infections that are transmitted from an external environment

Back 111

Exogenous

Front 112

Nosocomial Infections that arise from organisms already present in or on the patient

Back 112

Endogenous

Front 113

Us system to metric

Back 113

Front 114

Metric system prefixes

Back 114

Front 115

Converting US to metric

Back 115