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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lungs
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located in thoracic cavity, separated by structures in mediastinum, heart and blood vessels covered with visceral and parietal pleura
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lung structure
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right thicker and broader, shorter than left lung, left ling has cardiac notch, right has horizontal fissures, left and right oblique fissures
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inspiration
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inhalation, active process, 14-18x/min, diaphragm contracts increases depth of thoracic cavity, external intercostals contract pulling ribs upward and slightly sternally, lowered intrathoracic pressure causes lowered intra-alveolar pressure and air moves in
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expiration
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exhalation, passive process, 14-18x/min, diaphragm relaxes, ab wall pressure pushes it back in place, external intercostals relax, gravity pulls ribs down, surfactant prevents alveolar collapse
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force expiration
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internal intercostal and rectus abdominus and other ab muscles contract to pull ribs down
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Digestive system
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ingestion, movement, digestion, secretion, absorption, compaction and defecation
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gastrointestinal tract
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alimentary canal
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mouth structures
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lips, oral or buccal cavity, vestibule, tongue, saliva, teeth
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lips
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labia, surround orifice of the mouth, transistional region where skin meets mucous membrane, vermilion is red due to blood vessels seen through transparent layer, labial frenulum attaches each lip to corresponding gum
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oral cavity
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buccal cavity, formed by cheeks, hard and soft palate with uvula, and tongue
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vestibule
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space between cheeks and lips and gums and teeth
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tongue
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lingual frenulum attaches tongue to floor of oral cavity, papillae or little projections (vallate or circumvallate, filiform or fungiform
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saliva
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secreted by glands, buccal glands produce a small amount, glands are outside of oral cavity and our into cavity via ducts
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salivary glands
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parotids under and in front of ears, open opposite 2nd molar, submandibular under tongue, open on either side of lingual frenulum, sublinguals anterior to submandibulars, open into floor of motuh via 8-20 ducts
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teeth
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in sockets of mandible and maxillae, covered partially by gingivae, periodontal ligaments with cementum of tooth anchors tooth
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tooth
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crown visible above gums, gums cover neck, roots 1-3 in #
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tooth coposition
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enamel covers crown, dentin gives tooth shape, pulp cavity, root canals, apical foramen, cementum
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enamel
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covers crown of tooth, hardest substance in body
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dentitions
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sets of teeth, deciduous appear 6 months of age 20 in #, permanent appear about 6 years of age 32 in #
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incisors
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1 rooted tooth used for nipping and biting, 4 above, 4 below
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cuspids
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canines, 1 rooted, for tearing, 2 above, 2 below
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premolars
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1-2 roots, bicuspid, for grinding, 6 above, 6 below
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molars
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2-3 roots, 3-5 cusps, for grinding, 6 above, 6 below, 3rd molars are wisdom teeth
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teeth uses
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mastication of food into bolus, defense, spitting
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pharynx
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fauces, opening from oral cavity into oropharynx, involved in deglutition
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deglutition
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swallowing, voluntary and involuntary, tongue moves up and back, soft palate and uvula block nasopharynx, larynx rises, epiglottis covers glottis, glottis closes, upper esophageal sphincter relaxes bolus enters
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esophagus
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tube covered with adventitia, muscular, collapsible, posterior to trachea, about 10" long, pierces diaphragm at esophageal hiatus, secretes mucus
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peristalsis
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muscular movement of esophagus, internal circular muscles contract first, longitudinal exterior contract next
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gastroesophageal sphincter
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opening into stomach, relaxes during swallowing, keeps from egesting or regurgitating food
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